茶多酚对高酒糟日粮肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化特性的影响

本研究旨在评估添加茶多酚对高酒糟(distillers dried grain with solubles DDGS)日粮肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化特性的影响。将400只21日龄肉鸡随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20只。正对照组为玉米-豆粕型日粮,负对照组为玉米-豆粕-DDGS型日粮(15%DDGS),处理组分别在负对照日粮中添加100、300、500 mg/kg茶多酚。结果表明,与正对照组相比,后期日粮中添加15%DDGS对肉鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但血液的GSH-Px降低8.31%(P<0.01),胸腿肉T-AOC含量降低,腿肉MDA值显著升高(P<0.05)。添加茶多酚提高了血液的T-AOC和GSH-Px活性(P<0.05)。随着茶多酚添加剂量的升高,T-AOC和GSH-Px有升高的趋势,但各水平组之间差异不显著;茶多酚添加300 mg/kg以上能显著降低胸腿肌MDA值(P<0.05),提高T-AOC含量,改善肉质的抗氧化特性。本研究结果表明,在肉鸡高DDGS日粮中添加茶多酚可以改善肉鸡机体及肉质的抗氧化特性。     

微生态制剂在杂粕型日粮中的应用展望

二十一世纪人类面临资源紧缺、环境污染、生态破坏等一系列严峻的挑战,其中资源问题已经成为人类社会,特别是中国这样的发展中人口大国可持续发展的最主要瓶颈。20世纪80年代以来,随着我国养殖业连续20多年以年平均9％以上的高速度增长,畜牧主产区的饲料资源短缺问题也越来越严重,以蛋白质饲料较为突出。     

Direct lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys

The lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys was studied in floor pens without the presence of Heterakis gallinarum. Battery-reared poults (120) were transferred at 2 wk of age to concrete-floored floor pens with fresh pine shavings litter (40/group). One group received no exposure. In other groups, either 10% or 25% of the birds were inoculated per cloaca with cultured H. meleagridis (200,000/bird) and placed in the pens as seeder birds. Inoculated birds died at 10-18 days postinfection (PI) showing typical liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis. Birds in the high-exposure group died of histomoniasis beginning 16 days PI and continuing to 100% mortality by day 23 PI. Birds in the low-exposure (LE) group died beginning on day 19 PI and continuing through day 31 PI. All but one LE bird alive on day 31 PI had severe liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis at necropsy. There was no evidence of histomoniasis in unexposed birds. No cecal worms (H. gallinarum) were found at necropsy of dead birds or in unexposed birds at the end of the experiment. Even though H. gallinarum is the only known reservoir for H. meleagridis, these results suggest that lateral transmission of histomoniasis through a flock can occur readily through normal contact between uninfected birds and infected birds and their droppings in the total absence of cecal worms.     

邻苯二甲醛杀菌作用研究

为了检测邻苯二甲醛（ortho-phthalaloehyole,以下简称OPA）的杀菌效果。我们选择大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，葡萄球菌，魏氏梭菌，荧光假单胞菌，蜡样芽孢杆菌作为试验菌株，采用MIC法测定OPA在不同温度下的最低杀菌浓度，并与甲醛，戊二醛作比较，同时将OPA配成5%的存贮液置不同条件下保存，测定其稳定性，试验结果表明，0.1%-0.7%（W/V）OPA具有杀菌作用，其5%的存贮液在不同条件下保存10个月以上，杀菌效果基本不变。     

Epizootiologic survey for Babesia microti among small wild mammals in northeastern Eurasia and a geographic diversity in the beta-tubulin gene sequences

We previously reported that small wild rodents in Japan harbor two types of novel Babesia microti-like parasites (designated as Hobetsu and Kobe types), but not the type commonly found in the northeastern United States (U.S. type) where human babesiosis is endemic. To determine whether these new types of parasites are distributed in places surrounding Japan, an epizootiologic survey was undertaken in three geographically distant areas in northeastern Eurasia; South Korea, Vladivostok in Russia, and Xinjiang in China. Blood samples were collected from a total of 387 animals comprising 24 species. DNAs extracted from the samples were tested by nested PCR targeting babesial nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene (rDNA), which revealed that small rodents harboring B. microti exist in all three survey areas. Sequence analysis showed that all PCR-positive samples had rDNA sequences virtually identical to that of U.S.-type B. microti. However, when beta-tubulin gene sequences were compared, evident geographic variations were seen. By use of primers specific for each of the beta-tubulin genes of Kobe-, Hobetsu-, and U.S.-type parasites, a type-specific PCR was developed. Parasite with Hobetsu- or Kobe-type sequence was not detected from any of the three survey areas. These findings suggest that U.S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan.     

螺旋CT在判断胃肠道穿孔部位中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在胃肠道穿孔定位诊断中的价值。方法对32例手术证实成人胃肠道穿孔病人进行回顾性分析。结果32例患者中,胃、十二指肠球部穿孔20例,十二指肠腹膜后段穿孔1例,空回肠穿孔6例,阑尾穿孔3例,结肠穿孔2例。提示穿孔部位CT征象有:气腹、腹膜腔及腹膜后间隙积液、穿孔部位局限性肠壁增厚和周围脂肪间隙模糊。结论螺旋CT不仅能确定有无胃肠道穿孔,而且能初步判断其穿孔部位。其中局限性肠壁增厚及周围脂肪间隙密度增高、邻近腹腔、腹膜后间隙积液为诊断穿孔部位较为特异性征象。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B7对肉鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响

试验旨在研究肉鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌B7对其生长性能及免疫功能的影响。将200只1日龄健康爱拔益加肉雏鸡随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加2×10⁵、5×10⁵、8×10⁵和1×10⁶ CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌B7。试验期42 d。结果表明:①在整个试验阶段,除29～35日龄外,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡的日增重均高于对照组,料重比均低于对照组;36～42日龄时,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉鸡的日增重显著提高了10.25%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低了14.83%(P<0.05)。②28日龄时,试验Ⅱ组脾脏指数高于对照组31.96%,差异显著(P<0.05);除14和28日龄外,试验Ⅱ组法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组新城疫抗体效价处于较高水平,28和35日龄时,试验Ⅱ组新城疫抗体效价分别高于对照组16.04%和18.09%,差异显著(P<0.05);21、35和42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组血清中IgG含量分别高于对照组81.94%、46.67%和15.63%,差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可知,添加5×10⁵ CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌B7能够提高肉鸡的生长性能,增强肉鸡的免疫功能,综合比较,试验Ⅱ组的5×10⁵ CFU/g为枯草芽孢杆菌B7的最佳添加量。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及农杆菌介导PEPC基因的转化

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)成熟种子作为外植体,建立其高频再生体系,通过农杆菌介导法将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因转入,为多年生黑麦草的抗逆转基因工作奠定基础。结果表明:种子充分灭菌后在附加6.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的培养基中诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达61.33%。愈伤组织在2,4-D浓度减半的培养基上继代培养长势良好,分化培养基为MS培养基附加1.0 mg·L^-16-BA,分化率最高达到61.33%,在1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中进行生根培养,生根率达100%。以该再生体系为基础,将获得的愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,经筛选培养后得到再生植株,通过PCR及实时荧光定量(Real-Time)PCR验证表明PEPC基因已成功转入,转化率为8.67%。试验结果将为多年生黑麦草抗性品种的研究奠定基础。     

科学规避兽药残留风险的对策措施

笔者对2013?2020年实施的畜产品质量安全监测项目进行多环节系统分析,揭示了主要短板和风险,建议因势利导科学规避兽药残留风险,多策发力提高区域性畜产品质量安全的总体水平。     

Effect of heat stress on the behavioral and physiological patterns of Small-tail Han sheep housed indoors

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on the behavioral and physiological patterns in Small-tail Han sheep housed indoors in...