Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> using an animal model

To estimate genetic parameters of growth traits in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, full-sib and half-sib families were produced in three consecutive years at the Beidaihe Central Experiment Station in China. Each year 8–28 families were produced. The body weight, body length and body depth at 180, 240, and 360 days of age were measured for 5,224 individuals. Four animal models were used to examine the phenotypic variation of growth traits and were compared using the likelihood ratio test. The results showed that estimates for additive genetic effect heritabilities varied greatly depending on the model, trait and age. The maternal effect had a significant impact on phenotypic variation only for body depth at 180 days of age, which explained 49% of the phenotypic variance. The ratio of full-sib effect to phenotypic variation ranged from 0.09 to 0.22. Growth traits all exhibited low heritability (0.13–0.39), indicating that there is the potential for family selection breeding for these traits in Japanese flounder. Using the full model with the fixed, full-sib family, additive and maternal genetic effects, genetic correlations among the three traits for fish of the same age were estimated to be more than 0.80. Generally, the genetic correlations gradually increased as age increased.     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

关于人工鱼礁的基本设计与管理问题的探讨

为保证人工鱼礁业的健康稳定发展,使人工鱼礁产生更好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,最大程度地发挥人工鱼礁的效能,文章就人工鱼礁材料的选择、人工鱼礁的设计提出了一些技术要求,并对人工鱼礁建成后的管理提出建设性意见。     

二氯异氰尿酸钠、溴氯海因、敌杀死对鲶鱼的急性毒性试验

用生物毒性试验方法进行二氯异氰尿酸钠、溴氯海因、敌杀死对鲶鱼 (9～ 1 1cm )的急性毒性试验 ,结果表明三种药物的安全浓度分别为 0 1 8mg/L、 0 56mg/L、 0 0 0 4mg/L。     

皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病病原菌的研究

从患有溃烂病的皱纹盘鲍幼鲍体上，分离到一种致病性细菌。经人工感染试验，证实该菌为皱纹盘鲍幼鲍溃烂病的病原菌。显微镜观察该细菌为革兰氏阴性，极生１～３根鞭毛，能运动的杆菌，大小为０．７～０．８×２．３～２．８ｕｍ。经细菌分类试验鉴定，该菌生长最适温度为２０～３０℃，最适ｐＨ值５．５～８．５。该菌在培养基Ｂ上产生蓝色的荧光素。能利用葡萄糖产酸不产气，果糖、Ｄ－半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、海藻糖发酵反应阳性，不能发酵乳糖、麦芽糖、鼠李糖、蔗糖，可分解山梨醇、肌醇、肌苷。过氧化氢酶、脲酶、氧化酶、及明胶液化反应阳性；能利用柠檬酸，不还原亚硝酸盐，不产生吲哚和硫化氢，ＭＲ和Ｖ．Ｐ．试验阴性。初步鉴定该病原菌为荧光假单胞杆菌。还进行了病原菌药敏试验，该菌对卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、恶喹酸敏感，这些药物可作为防治该病的首选药。     

山东省首起野生天鹅H5N8高致病性禽流感疫情的紧急调查及处置

2021年1月12—19日,山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区大汶流管理站出现35只死亡的野生疣鼻天鹅.经现场调查,市级和省级实验室检测,诊断为疑似H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感,经国家禽流感参考实验室进行病毒分离鉴定,最终确定为H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情.疫情发生后,通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测等方式,对此次疫情开展了...     

两系杂交水稻千粒重的遗传研究

对8个籼型光温敏不育系母本与30个恢复系品种父本配制所获得的74个两系杂交水稻千粒重性状配合力遗传进行了分析。结果表明:(1)两系法杂交水稻杂种F1谷粒千粒重与父本(恢复系)、母本(不育系)和双亲的平均谷粒千粒重均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.4308、0.3523和0.5656。(2)6×6不完全双列杂交法配合力分析结果表明,两系杂交水稻千粒重性状的表现在组合间差异达极显著水平。父、母本的一般配合力效应和组合的特殊配合力效应均达显著差异;在籽粒千粒重表现中,一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差分别占整个基因型方差的93.98%和6.02%,说明一般配合力对籽粒千粒重的作用远大于特殊配合力;在其双亲的一般配合力作用中,母本对籽粒千粒重的作用大于父本。(3)两系杂交水稻千粒重性状遗传的广义遗传率为99.40%,狭义遗传率为93.41%,说明千粒重性状的遗传以基因的加性效应为主。     

小型西瓜栽培技术

小型西瓜小巧秀美,肉质细嫩,风味特佳,营养丰富,颇受广大消费者青睐。小西瓜生长期短、效益高也带动了菜农的种植热情。近年来,栽培面积在青海省呈上升趋势,但小西瓜生育特征与普通西瓜相比有明显差异。因此,在栽培上也有其特殊性,现就小西瓜栽培技术作简要介绍。     

轴流式油气混输泵压缩级流场CFD模拟分析

利用Fluent计算软件,采用非定常滑动网格技术和非结构网格来模拟油气混输泵单个压缩级三维流场,通过对气液两相介质在流道内的流动情况的分析,为改进压缩级的设计提供了依据。试验证明,该方法在油气混输泵的设计中是有效的。     

深水网箱网衣破损监测系统设计

针对在深水网箱网衣破损监测研究中出现的问题,提供了一种全新的网箱网衣破损监测方法和监测系统,可在浑水区实时监测网衣情况.系统由单片机、网片检测电路、开关矩阵和GSM手机模块组成.在网衣内编入导线,使网衣成为一种网破传感器.系统将网衣分成多块网片,并对网片进行编码.网片破损处与海水、入海电极形成回路,触发手机模块发出报警短信,指出网箱的编号和网衣破损部位.当系统与网衣出现连接故障时也可触发手机模块发出报警短信,指出故障网箱的编号和故障部位.