虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。     

基于数字摄影测量的森林蓄积量估算

利用收集到的东北林业大学哈尔滨市城市林业基地的16张航片和相应的外方位元素,建立了一个测区,通过模型的内定向、相对定向和绝对定向构建了测区的立体像对模型,选择了有代表性的8个小班.在立体像对模型的基础之上,利用专业的数字摄影测量平台估测了8个小班的蓄积量.同时用样地法实地测量了8个小班的蓄积量,并将实地估算结果与数字摄影测量估算结果进行了对比分析.分析发现:两组数据的差异不显著,基于数字摄影测量的蓄积量估算平均精度为85.3%,最高精度为98.7%.研究结论说明,使用数字摄影测量方法估测其蓄积量,其精度比较高,该方法可以在一定条件下接近或满足森林资源调查的精度要求.     

Avian predation on wild and cultured sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus intermedius</Emphasis> in a rocky shore habitat

ABSTRACT:   The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins.     

The role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem

We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.     

A new primer for 16S rDNA analysis of microbial communities associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra yezoensis</Emphasis>

To construct high-quality 16S rDNA clone libraries for microbial communities associated with Porphyra yezoensis and to minimize the detection of rDNA from leafy gametophytes of P. yezoensis, we designed a new 16S rDNA universal primer (75F). Of the clones prepared using 75F, which was designed to distinguish between bacteria and P. yezoensis, 95% were classified into four groups, namely, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Flavobacteria. PCR-based analysis of the 16S rDNA primer constructed in this study can be used to implement 16S rDNA-based methodologies for the investigation of microbial community composition and diversity related to the Porphyra group.     

福建余甘子遗传资源的RAPD分析

以福建省34份余甘子遗传资源为材料,采用20个具特异扩增的多态性引物对福建省34份余甘子基因型进行扩增,20个引物,在34份供试材料中总共扩增出259个位点,且均是多态的,多态性程度达100%,平均每个引物扩增12.95个位点。同时,获得了19个引物对23份材料扩增的RAPD特征标记47个,17个引物在36对材料上共扩增出36个共享特征RAPD标记;采用ED(欧氏距离)法进行RAPD标记的聚类分析则可将福建34份余甘子遗传资源明显划分为惠安余甘和莆田余甘两大类。各供试材料之间的遗传距离范围为0.00～1.00,其中栽培品种与野生资源之间遗传距离在0.43～1.00之间;莆田余甘资源与惠安余甘资源之间遗传距离为0.27～0.99。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工有效性实验验证

通过实验验证了砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工方法的有效性,利用M7120平面磨床对Q235A进行了喷射加工实验,用TALYSURF5轮廓仪测量了加工后的微观几何参数值,用扫描电镜和金相显微镜观察了表面微观形貌和断面金相组织变化。实验结果表明,该加工方法在表面粗糙度得到减小的同时,能明显去除磨削加工过度塑性变形,减少表面层污染和磨削烧伤,改善表面形状精度,实验结果和理论分析吻合,验证了该工艺方法的正确性。     

液力变矩器导轮流场数值模拟与试验

利用CFD分析软件对W305型液力变矩器的内部流场进行了仿真计算。采用混合平面理论处理旋转速度不同的各叶轮之间的相互作用。基于仿真计算结果,重点分析了导轮内流场的速度和压力分布情况,并将导轮内流场计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明流场计算结果具有较高的精度。     

红刺玫染色体的观察和核型分析

作者主要对红刺玫细胞染色体计数,并对其核型进行分析。研究结果表明:红刺玫的染色体为三倍体,2n=3x=21;核型公式为2n=3x=21=18m 3sm,属于2A型。