自研型黑曲霉丸化种衣剂对高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是一种广泛存在于自然界的腐生真菌,也是重要的工业发酵微生物,在工业酶制剂及有机酸发酵方面得以应用.因其具有强大的酶系统,可溶解土壤中的难溶盐分,促进植株生长,且具有抑菌性而在农业上被广泛应用.在黑曲霉作为丸粒化种衣剂的有效成分的条件下,探究了该制剂对高粱(Sorghu...     

五十年代以来辽南地区土地利用/土地覆被变化及驱动机制分析

土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域发展研究具有重要意义,区域案例研究方法是土地利用/土地覆被变化的核心。以建国以来经济发展和土地利用/土地覆被变化都比较迅速的辽宁南部地区作为研究区域,重建并分析辽南地区自1954年以来三个时段的土地利用/土地覆被时空变化特征,在此基础上研究辽南地区土地利用变化的驱动机制。结果表明1954年到2000年期间,辽南地区的土地转换主要发生在耕地、林地和城乡居民点和工矿用地之间。农村工业化和城镇化是耕地变化的主要驱动力,城市建成区的扩展主要是经济水平提高和第三产业的发展等因素作用的结果,城市用地扩展以侵占耕地为代价。     

Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array

Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.     

准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源研究

为了解准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源,调查研究了该区域野生饲用植物的科属组成及其生活型和生态型特点,并对其适口性和营养价值进行了分析。结果表明：该区共有野生饲用植物34科145属214种,优势科有禾本科(38属71种)、藜科(18属22种)、菊科(15属21种)、豆科(14属19种)、苋科(8属11种)、十字花科(8属10种);生活型植物以草本植物(1～2年生124种,多年生62种)为主,占86.92%,木本植物有28种,占13.08%;生态型植物以中生为主(183种)。依据适口性可将该区野生饲用植物划分为优、良、中、低4个等级,其中优等95种、良等77种、中等36种、低等6种。营养成分丰富且适口性较好的饲用植物主要集中在禾本科(21种)、豆科(17种)和藜科(13种)。     

害虫生物防治综合效益评价方法

害虫生物防治效果的评价方法通常采用化学防治效果的计算方法,一般仅体现短期内对目标害虫的致死作用结果,而忽略了天敌在自然界数量增殖后对害虫种群数量的长期而持续的控制效果,以及在保护生态环境、保护生物多样性等方面的评价.判断害虫生物防治计划是否获得成功,目前缺乏广泛认同的评价方法.本文对害虫生物防治效果的评价方法进行了梳理...     

伏牛山生态资源开发利用与发展思考 ——伏牛山生态资源保护和利用对策

伏牛山属秦岭山脉的支脉,位于北亚热带和暖温带的气候分区线,是物种南北过渡、东西交汇的"陆桥",特殊的地理位置和复杂多样的生态环境条件,使本区保存了丰富的生物多样性资源.通过对伏牛山区生态资源保护和利用现状的分析,找出薄弱环节,提出发展利用建议,以期为伏牛山生态资源的合理利用提供理论依据.     

优质稻农乐1号的特性及栽培技术

农乐1号是广西水稻研究所以96占为母本与七桂占杂交,经多代选育成的感温型优质稻新品种,经多点试种,表现出株叶型好,产量高、抗性好、适应性广、米质优的特点,一般产量6750~7500kg/hm2,高产可达8580 kg/hm2。     

小麦新品种咸麦519选育及配套高效栽培技术

阐述了小麦新品种咸麦519的选育背景和过程,并从农艺性状、抗病性、品质等方面总结了其品种特性。根据咸麦519特征特性及栽培试验研究结果,介绍了其配套高效栽培技术,包括整地、施肥、种子处理、播期播量、播种质量、灌溉、病虫害预防和收获等方面技术内容,以期为该品种在生产中的高效应用提供参考。     

不同药剂混配使用对榆林地区马铃薯早疫病的田间防效试验

采用田间喷雾施药,在陕西省榆林市进行了马铃薯早疫病防治技术研究。开展不同药剂混配的防效比较试验。试验结果表明：不同处理均对早疫病有抑制作用,且存在显著差异,其中：苯酰锰锌+精甲霜锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯+枯草芽孢杆菌、代森锰锌+ 氟噻唑吡乙酮药剂组合对早疫病防效较好,防效分别为74.2%、70.3%、67.6%,兼有防控晚疫病作用,建议推广使用;丙森锌+烯酰吗啉、苯酰锰锌+精甲霜锰锌、氟啶胺+氟菌·霜霉威、嘧菌酯+噁酮·霜脲氰处理的防效较差,依次为：58.9%、54.6%、50.8%和50.5%。     

Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return

Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient, relatively cheap, and environmentally friendly. However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment. To address this problem, we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1, B2, B3, B4,...