A highly sensitive, lightweight, portable instrument has been developed for continuous monitoring of N02 in air. It operates by detecting the chemiluminescence produced when N02 encounters a surface wetted with a specially formulated solution containing luminol. Unlike other chemiluminescent instruments it measures N02 directly and does not require prior conversion of N02 to NO. It does not respond to H202, NO, HNO3, NH3, CO, C02, S02 or organic nitrates. The only interferences encountered to date are from 03 and PAN with the response to 03 being less than 0.2% of its response to N02. The response time of the instrument is less than 1 s and its sensitivity is better than 5 pptv. The instrument shows a negative temperature dependence of about 2% °C?1 which is compensated electronically. Measurements have been made with the instrument during a number of field missions in polluted urban and relatively clean rural air. The relative influences of photochemistry and transport from local sources has been observed. Simultaneous measurements made with this instrument and the unequivocal tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method have shown excellent agreement. 相似文献
Summary The Giemsa banding patterns of four inbred lines (DB1113, DB1116, WIR44 and WIR27) ofZea mays and their hybrids have been compared. The polymorphism of knob heterochromatin of 4 chromosome pairs allowed to distinguish the 4 inbred lines on the basis of their banding patterns, reflected the evolutionary distance of the inbred lines and provided evidence as to the origin of these chromosomes in hybrids.Sister chromatid differentiation by means of BrdUrd incorporation prior to fluorescence plus Giemsa(FPG)-technique revealed 3.7 SCEs per cell for the hybrid BEKOS 251. Individualization of chromosomes on the basis of their replication patterns or asymmetric bands after application of the same technique was impossible.
Differentialfärbung mitotischer Chromosomen von Inzuchtlinien und deren Hybriden beiZea mays L.
Zusammenfassung Die Giemsabandenmuster der vier Inzuchtlinien des Maises DB1113, DB1116 (convar.vulgaris) und WIR27, WIR44 (convar.dentiformis) sowie der daraus entstandenen Hybriden SU 10, Kappa und BEKOS 251 wurden untereinander verglichen. Polymorphismen des Knob-Heterochromatins auf vier Chromosomenpaaren (I, VI, VII, VIII) erlaubten die Unterscheidung der vier Inzuchtlinien anhand ihrer Bandenmuster, widerspiegelten den jeweiligen Verwandtschaftsgrad zwischen den Inzuchtlinien und ermöglichten für einige Chromosomen der Hybriden den Herkunftsnachweis.Schwesterchromatidendifferenzierung nach BrdUrd-Einbau und FPG-Färbung ergaben für die Doppelhybride BEKOS 251 3.7 SCEs/Zelle. Die Erfassung von Replikationsmustern oder asymmetrischen Banden zur Charakterisierung individueller Chromosomen war mit dieser Methode nicht möglich.
Genetic modification from selfed progenies of 18 rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants regenerated from callus tissues which survived desiccation, were investigated at the DNA level using the random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Twelve 10-mer random primers were used to amplify DNA of progenies from the regenerated
plants, and a total of 228 PCR products and 1780 DNA fragments were obtained by primers, generating between four to thirteen
major bands. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 0.2 to 2.55 kb. The results showed that 10 out of 12 primers
produced polymorphic bands, two primers (RA31 and RA185) showed no polymorphism among plants tested. A dendrogram of the genetic
distance was constructed based on their polymorphism, demonstrating that somaclonal variation exists in rice plants regenerated
from callus which survived the desiccation treatment. Part of this variation can be useful in rice breeding.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
I Introduction
Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas malvacearum ,BB) was probably originated in India, although the disease was first reported in the USA by Atkinson (1891), who gave the names angular leaf spot, blackarm and bacterial boll rot to the various stages in the syndrome of the disease.
The first programme to breed for cultivar resistance to the disease was initiated in Sudan by research officers with the Cotton Research Corporation. Methods adopted there were soon implemented in Uganda and most of the early resistant varieties grown in many African countries were derived from the Uganda programme. 相似文献
Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) plants were found to contain water-soluble substances that inhibited the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa ( Chung and Miller 1990, Agron. J. 87, 762—767 ). Tsuzuki et al. (1999, Rep. Kyushu Branch Crop Sci. Soc. Japan 65, 39—40 ) discovered allelochemicals in alfalfa plants that could have adverse effects on the growth of some lowland weeds. This study was conducted to investigate varietal differences in allelopathic potential in alfalfa plants. Eight common varieties of Japanese alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), namely Batasu, Hisawakaba, Kitawakaba, Makiwakaba, Natsuwakaba, Lucerne, Tachiwakaba and Yuba, were grown by conventional methods in the Experimental Field of the Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University. Aqueous extracts of both fresh and dried material of alfalfa plants of all varieties significantly inhibited both germination and growth of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Leachates from germinating seeds of almost all alfalfa varieties inhibited elongation of the radicle but produced a negligible increase in germination and only slightly inhibited elongation of the hypocotyl of lettuce plants. Results demonstrated that the degree of inhibition of germination and growth of lettuce varied with the variety of alfalfa. In particular, Lucerne was identified as having the strongest allelopathic potential of the varieties studied. The results suggested that the allelopathic potential of alfalfa might be relating to a gene. 相似文献
Although there are a number of Vietnamese native pig (VnP) populations, some are on the verge of extinction, and therefore adequate management and conservation are necessary. In this study, we conducted a field survey of VnP populations and analyzed interrelationships among their characteristics. We also established a relational database for management of field data on these populations. For data collection, we conducted interviews with farmers and visual inspection of 32 VnP populations in 22 provinces of Vietnam, as well as taking photographs of individual animals. Data on the characteristics of VnP populations were subjected to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). For establishment of the database, normalization and table partitioning were performed to eliminate redundancy and ensure consistency of the collected data items. Passport data, characteristics data, and image data were collected from a total of 1,918 VnPs and entered as a normalized table. Upon MCA, most of the populations were not separated from each other, but the Mong Cai, O Lam, and Chu Prong populations were separated from the other populations. Thus, we have constructed a relational database from comprehensive information on the characteristics of VnP populations. 相似文献
In this study, one-cycle and multi-cycle culture systems for Artemia in seasonal salt ponds are compared. In one-cycle systems, Artemia is inoculated only once per season, while in multicycle systems ponds are drained and re-stocked several times per season. In Vietnam, three-cycle systems gave significantly higher cyst yields than did the one-cycle system. However, after two cycles, systems were not significantly different. Food limitation probably caused the steady decline in cyst yields, as observed in the one-cycle ponds. In these ponds, females have smaller broods (from the second cycle onwards) and during the last cycle the number of adult females is lower than in multi-cycle ponds. 相似文献
Diseases in shrimp farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam cause significant crop losses and are therefore of great concern to producers. Once a pond becomes infected, it is difficult to prevent spread of the disease to nearby shrimp farming areas. Thus, predicting the occurrence of disease is an essential part of reducing the risk for shrimp farmers. In this study, we applied an integrated geographic information system and machine learning system to predict three serious diseases of shrimp, namely, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis, white spot syndrome disease, and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection, based on data collected from shrimp farms in the Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, and Ca Mau provinces of Vietnam. We first constructed a map showing the distribution of these diseases using the locations of affected farms, and then we conducted spatial analysis to acquire the geographical features of the affected locations. This latter information was combined with environmental factors and clinical signs to form the set of independent variables affecting the outbreak of diseases. The neural network model outperformed the logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting methods in terms of predicting infection to estimate the probability of disease occurrence in farmed areas. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease infected farms downstream of the Co Chien and Hau Rivers of Tra Vinh and west of Ca Mau. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection is distributed in Soc Trang Province, while white spot syndrome virus has spread to the coastal districts of Soc Trang and Bac Lieu Provinces, where it is highly associated to water from a complex canal system.