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81.
Kazuhiro Toyoda Eriko Kawakami Hideaki Nagai Taiki Shiobara-Komatsu Kaori Tanaka Yoshishige Inagaki Yuki Ichinose Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(3):222-229
Ecto-apyrase(s) participates in cell-wall-associated defense through ATP hydrolysis. Here we analyzed Medicago truncatula genes through cDNA screening and in silico analyses against known databases. This study revealed seven genes, five of which (MtAPY1;1 to MtAPY1;5) are members of a legume-specific family, whereas two genes (MtAPY2;1 and MtAPY2;2) are close to those in other plants. Agrobacterium-based transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, combined with a c-myc epitope tag technology, confirmed that the MtAPY1;1 is a secreted protein. Transient expression of MtAPY1;1 in leaves of N. benthamiana restricted disease development by a virulent fungus, suggesting a role in disease resistance. 相似文献
82.
83.
Tomonori Kume Yuka Onozawa Hikaru Komatsu Kenji Tsuruta Yoshinori Shinohara Toshihiro Umebayashi Kyoichi Otsuki 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
The applicability of sap flux (Fd) measurements to bamboo forests has not been studied. This study was undertaken to establish an optimal and effective design for stand-scale transpiration (E) estimates in a Moso bamboo forest. To this aim, we validated Fd measurements in Moso bamboos in a cut bamboo experiment. In addition, we analyzed how sample sizes affect the reliability of E estimates calculated from Fd and conducting culm area (AS_b). In the cut bamboo experiments, we found that Fd measurement using a 10 mm probe was a valid means of determining the water-use behavior of a Moso bamboo, although a specific correction was needed. Furthermore, we calculated E from stand AS_b (AS_stand) and mean stand Fd (JS). Employing Monte Carlo analysis, we examined potential errors associated with sample size in E, AS_stand, and JS using an original dataset with AS_b and Fd measured for 40 and 16 individuals, respectively. Consequently, we determined the optimal sample size for both AS_stand and JS estimates as 11. The optimal sample sizes for JS were almost the same under different vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture conditions. The optimal sample size for JS at the study site was less than that of a coniferous plantation in the same region probably owing to small individual-to-individual variations in sap flux in the Moso bamboo forest. Our study concludes that sap flux measurements are an applicable technique for assessing water use in Moso bamboo forests. 相似文献
84.
Akiko Sakuma Shizuka Sugawara Hikaru Hidaka Mitsuru Nakajo Yoshihito Suda Tomoyuki Shimazu Michael T. Rose Megumi Urakawa Tao Zhuang Guoqi Zhao Kouichi Watanabe Tomonori Nochi Haruki Kitazawa Kazuo Katoh Keiichi Suzuki Hisashi Aso 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) is caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp) and is a common chronic respiratory disease of pigs. Recently, a genetically selected variant of the Landrace pig (Miyagino L2) has a lower incidence of pulmonary MPS lesions. We investigated the pathological and immunological characteristics of MPS resistance in these pigs (n = 24) by comparing with the normal landrace pig (control: n = 24). The pathological MPS lung lesion score in MPS‐selected landrace pigs was significantly lower than in the control. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐12p40, which acts as a chemoattractant and a component of the bioactive cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐23, was significantly higher at the hilar lymph nodes, lung, and spleen in MPS‐selected landrace pigs than in control landrace pigs, and these were negatively correlated with the macroscopic MPS lung lesion score. In summary, we demonstrate that resistance against MPS in Miyagino L2 pigs is associated with IL‐12p40 up‐regulation, in comparison with normal landrace pigs without the MPS vaccine. In addition, a comparative study of macroscopic MPS lung lesions and IL‐12p40 gene expression in lung and hilar lymph nodes may lead to beneficial selection traits for the genetic selection for MPS resistance in pigs. 相似文献
85.
86.
N Sasaki K Takahashi S Kawamoto T Kurosawa M Sonoda S Kawai 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(3):495-501
The parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae engorged on cattle naturally infected with Theileria sergenti were reared at 24 degrees C. The resultant nymphal ticks were incubated at 37 degrees C to clear the effect of incubation on the development and maturation of sporozoites. The sporozoites in the salivary glands of the nymphal ticks exposed to 37 degrees C for 16 days were observed by the methyl green pyronin staining method. The ticks exposed to 37 degrees C were ground up in a mortar and the supernatant of the tick suspension in PBS was inoculated into cattle. The cattle showed parasitemia and specific antibody response 18 days after inoculation. Consequently, the parasites in the tick salivary glands became infective to cattle by incubating infected. H. longicornis nymphs at 37 degrees C. 相似文献
87.
ABSTRACT: The entry and escape behavior of prawn Macrobrachium nipponense in relation to the pot may be controlled both by its design and population process in the pot's given interior space. To obtain the basic data on how the population process affects the number of individuals in the pot without bait, a comparative study of the experimental results obtained in the actual fishing ground and calculated values was conducted. The variation pattern in the number of individuals in a pot was consistent with that of the calculated value. The model equation proposed in this study might be effective for evaluating the daily variations in the number of individuals in a pot. The results suggest that both the population process and the pot's design control the entry and escape behavior of the prawn. 相似文献
88.
Hiroyuki?Takahara Gento?Tsuji Yasuyuki?Kubo Mikihiro?Yamamoto Kazuhiro?Toyoda Yoshishige?Inagaki Yuki?Ichinose Tomonori?ShiraishiEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(2):93-96
We transformed Colletotrichum trifolii, the causal agent of alfalfa anthracnose, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a new tool for random insertional mutagenesis. Fungal spores of C. trifolii were transformed with T-DNA including the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph). Southern analysis showed that every randomly selected transformant had a unique hybridization pattern of T-DNA, suggesting that the T-DNA was randomly integrated into the fungal genome. More significantly, about 75% of transformants had a single copy of the T-DNA. The results demonstrate that insertional mutagenesis via A. tumefaciens is a useful tool for studying the function of C. trifolii genes. 相似文献
89.
Kenji Suzuki Tomonori Sato Yukiyo Yamamoto Jun Furuya 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):129-137
In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis
was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos.
The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes
regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular,
heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season. 相似文献
90.
Yoshi-Shige Inagaki Yoshiteru Noutoshi Keiko Fujita Atsuko Imaoka Sakae Arase Kazuhiro Toyoda Tomonori Shiraishi Yuki Ichinose 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):69-73
Triterpenoid saponins are sugar-modified triterpene derivatives. Cereals and other grasses are generally deficient in these secondary metabolites with the exception of oat. Oat accumulates antimicrobial triterpenoid saponins in its roots. These oat-root-derived compounds, called avenacins, confer broad-spectrum resistance to soil-borne pathogens. Here, we tested the effect of avenacins on the development of infection structures of fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and Bipolaris oryzae and Magnaporthe oryzae. We show that avenacins are able to inhibit the infection process of these phytopathogens on plant hosts. 相似文献