Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is expected to accelerate the genetic improvement of Japanese Black cattle. However, verification of the effects of the genes for MAS in different subpopulations is required prior to the application of MAS. In this study, we investigated the allelic frequencies and genotypic effects for carcass traits of six genes, which can be used in MAS, in eight local subpopulations. These genes are SCD, FASN and SREBP1, which are associated with the fatty acid composition of meat, and NCAPG, MC1R and F11, which are associated with carcass weight, coat color and blood coagulation abnormality, respectively. The frequencies of desirable alleles of SCD and FASN were relatively high and that of NCAPG was relatively low, and NCAPG was significantly associated with several carcass traits, including carcass weight. The proportions of genotypic variance explained by NCAPG to phenotypic variance were 4.83 for carcass weight. We thus confirmed that NCAPG is a useful marker for selection of carcass traits in these subpopulations. In addition, we found that the desirable alleles of six genes showed no negative effects on carcass traits. Therefore, selection using these genes to improve target traits should not have negative impacts on carcass traits. 相似文献
Veterinary Research Communications - This study investigated the effects of age, sex and breed on serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and creatinine in small breed dogs. This retrospective study included 250... 相似文献
On applying mercury porosimetry to wood blocks or paper sheets, the “bottleneck” effect due to pits of fibers occurs and thus
lumen volume can be determined from the weight increase due to the remaining mercury. However, in addition to the mercury
in the lumen, some mercury drops may also remain in the space between fibers within a paper sheet. The mercury between fibers
increased with an increase of basis weight. Thus, a large number of paper sheets of low basis weight, such as 10 g·m−2, should be used to determine the lumen volume of pulp fibers. Furthermore, in the case of fibers from mechanical pulp with
many open cut fibers, mercury can retract from the open lumen such that the bottleneck effect due to pits does not occur.
Therefore, the degree to which fibers are cut should also be considered for lumen volume determination. Although quantitative
estimation of open cut fibers is difficult, the percentage of open cut fibers is quite low for the long fiber fraction. Thus,
the remaining mercury for the long fiber fraction can be adopted as the lumen volume at least for practical purposes. Compared
with the original lumen volume of the wood, the volumetric degree of fiber collapse was also estimated. Plausible values of
almost 100% for lightly beaten KP and about 85% for slabwood thermomechanical pulp were obtained for the degree of collapse.
Part of this report was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, August 2006 相似文献
We quantified structural features and the aboveground biomass of the deciduous conifer, Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Hu and Cheng) in six plantations in central Japan. In order to derive biomass estimates we dissected 14 M. glyptostroboides trees into three structural components (stem wood, branch wood and foliage) to develop allometric equations relating the mass of these components and of the whole tree to diameter at breast height (DBH). We found robust relationships at the branch and whole tree level that allow accurate prediction of component and whole tree biomass. Dominant tree height was similar within five older (>40 years) plantations (27–33 m) and shorter in a 20-year-old plantation (18 m). Average stem diameter varied from 12.8 cm in the youngest stand to greater than 35 cm in the oldest stand.
Metasequoia have relatively compact crowns distributed over the top 30% of the tree although the youngest stand had the deepest crown relative to tree height (up to 38%). At the individual tree level in older stands, 87% of the aboveground biomass was allocated to the stem, 9% to branch wood and 4% to foliage. We found little difference in the relative distribution of above ground biomass among the stands with the exception of lower foliage biomass in larger diameter trees. Total aboveground biomass of the older stands varied twofold, ranging from a maximum of 450 Mg ha−1 in a 42-year-old stand to a minimum of 196 Mg ha−1 in a 48-year-old stand. Total above ground biomass of the 20-year-old stand was 176 Mg ha−1. 相似文献
In the study the long-term exposure tests to simulated acid rain were performed in order to clarify the effect of acid rain on deterioration of concrete. Mortar specimens with 40 mm in width, 15 mm in thickness and 160 mm in length were used for the tests. At each time after the fixed rainfall was attained, those were tested physically and analyzed chemically. Finally total rainfall of 9000mm was given to the specimens. From the test results, it was confirmed that the eroded depth of the specimen has a good linear relation to the total rainfall under simulated acid rain with various pH. Surface erosion rates of the mortar specimens with an ordinary mix proportion under simulated acid rains with pH 3.0 and 2.5 were about 1.2 and three times larger than that under pH 5.6, respectively. It was also confirmed that flexural strength of the specimens with an ordinary mix proportion hardly changed under low pH simulated acid rain even after total rainfall of 9000mm was given. 相似文献
In order to verify which factors affect habitat selection for aestivating and in the active adult Apostichopus japonicus, animals were tested for their selection of attachment site in an experimental device (1-m pipes) in which the perceived
environmental stimuli (light intensity, degree of contact with a hard surface, geotaxis) varied depending on the attachment
site. During the aestivating season, the animals showed a strong selection for attachment sites during the daytime and nighttime;
they also showed positive stereotaxis (thigmotaxis), negative phototaxis, and negative geotaxis. The results suggest that
(1) habitats are not suitable for the aestivating adult A. japonicus unless these three environmental requirements are satisfied. 相似文献
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are surface glycoconjugates embedded in the external leaflet of the outer membrane (OM) of the Gram-negative bacteria. They consist of three regions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide (OS), and O-specific polysaccharide or O-antigen. Lipid A is the glycolipid endotoxin domain that anchors the LPS molecule to the OM, and therefore, its chemical structure is crucial in the maintenance of membrane integrity in the Gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we reported the characterization of the lipid A and OS structures from Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rifr, which is a psychrotrophic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the intestine of Seriola quinqueradiata. The immunomodulatory activity of both LPS and lipid A was also examined. 相似文献
The Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm and a 1BL-1RS translocation chromosome that consists of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1B and the short arm of
rye chromosome 1R were transferred to six spring common wheat cultivars by repeated backcrossing. Resistance to leaf rust
race 21B conditioned by the Lr26 gene and a secalin subunit encoded by the Sec-1 gene, both on the 1RS arm, were used as the selection markers of the translocation chromosome. Five of the six cultivars
used were converted to complete male steriles, whereas the remaining one, cv. Kitamiharu 48, retained normal fertility, after
transfer of both the 1BL-1RS chromosome and Ae. Kotschyi cytoplasm. Conventional gene analysis suggested that Kitamiharu 48 carries an incompletely dominant fertility-restoring gene.
The F1 hybrids between the male steriles and ordinary common wheat cultivars recovered fertility only at a low level, indicating
that a single dose of the Rfv1 gene on the 1BS arm of wheat is insufficient for full fertility restoration under spring-sowing condition. Our results are
in clear contrast to complete fertility restoration under fall-sowing condition reported by Nonaka et al. (1993). Combination
of the 1BL-1RS chromosome / Ae. Kotschyi cytoplasm system with a new fertility-restoring gene discovered in Kitamiharu 48 may provide a breakthrough for spring-type
hybrid wheat.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
The occurrence of morphologically immature megalopae, which retain zoeal features such as dorsal spines and furcae of telson, is closely correlated with larval mass mortality during seed production of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in Japanese hatcheries. To determine the cause of immature megalopal morphology, zoeae were reared with various supplementary schedules and density of diets (rotifer, Artemia and phytoplanktons including Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata). In addition, to assess the relationship between immature morphology and endocrine control, the effect of causative dietary factor was compared with the effect of eyestalk ablation at various timing during zoeal development. Megalopal immature morphology was more distinct in Chlorella‐supplemented groups than in Nannochloropsis‐supplemented groups. High density Chlorella supplementation was associated with the highest incidence of immaturity and resulted in larval mass mortality. The premoult of the third zoeal stage was identified as a critical period at which Chlorella supplementation led to the highest incidence of immaturity. This critical period coincided with the critical period at which larval metamorphosis was regulated by the eyestalk neurosecretory system. Our results suggested that the occurrence of immature megalopal morphology under culture conditions is most likely caused by phytoplankton (especially, Chlorella) supplementation, which disrupts the endocrine regulation. On the basis of our results, we successfully prevented the occurrence of immature megalopal morphology in 500 L tanks by excluding the influence of phytoplankton before the critical period (i.e. discontinuing phytoplankton supplementation and supplying rotifer cultured with non‐phytoplankton materials). 相似文献