LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein
in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different
expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of
expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and
nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and
B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was
decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically.
Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A
expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time
RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by
starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in
placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression. 相似文献
Blood samples were obtained sequentially from 10 dairy cows around the time of
parturition to assess plasma fluctuations in estradiol-17β (E2) levels in
association with those of several bone resorption markers. Plasma E2
concentration increased sharply a few days prepartum and decreased quickly after
parturition. In terms of bone resorption markers, the plasma level of tartrate-resistant
acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) rose significantly, commencing 1 week prepartum, and
was maintained at this level to a few days postpartum. The plasma concentration of
carboxyterminal collagen cross-links of type-I collagen (CTx) increased significantly
after parturition. These observations suggest that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was
activated after parturition when plasma E2 concentrations decreased. 相似文献
The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a model for obese type 2 diabetes,
shows bone quantitative abnormalities, namely low bone mineral density (BMD). The
objective of this study was to evaluate bone morphological changes, in particular
identifying the bone qualitative abnormalities, in the SDT fatty rat. Male SDT fatty rats
showed increases in total trabecular area and trabecular number and decreases in
trabecular thickness in cancellous bones of the proximal tibia, indicating trabecular
miniaturization. The SDT fatty rat is useful for investigation of pathophysiological
changes in bone quality in diabetic osteoporosis. 相似文献
We investigated the effects of American ginseng (AG) and heat-processed American ginseng (H-AG) on diabetic renal damage using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in this study. The diabetic rats showed a loss of body weight gain, and increases in kidney weight, food intake, water intake, and urine volume, whereas the oral administration of H-AG at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight per day for 20 days attenuated these diabetes-induced physiological abnormalities. Among the renal function parameters, the elevated urinary protein levels in diabetic control rats were significantly decreased by the AG or H-AG administrations, and the decreased creatinine clearance level was significantly increased in H-AG-administered rats. In addition, the markedly high serum levels of glucose and glycosylated protein in diabetic control rats were significantly decreased by the administration of H-AG, implying that H-AG might prevent the pathogenesis of diabetic complications caused by impaired glucose metabolism and glycosylation of serum proteins. Although no significant ameliorations were shown in overexpressed protein expressions related to diabetic oxidative stress by the AG or H-AG administrations, the accumulation of N (epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine and receptors for advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) expressions were significantly reduced by the administration of H-AG. On the basis of these results, we found that AG and H-AG inhibit AGE accumulation in diabetic rat kidney by their hypoglycemic and renal function ameliorating effects, and this effect was stronger in the H-AG-administered group than in the AG-administered group. These findings indicate that H-AG may have beneficial effect on pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene inhibiting regulator, is commercially available in the form of an inclusion complex with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD). In this study, molecular encapsulation of gaseous 1-MCP into aqueous alpha-CD was investigated in a closed, agitated vessel with a flat gas-liquid interface. Molecular encapsulation of gaseous 1-MCP by alpha-CD is a simultaneous two-step reaction which involves the aqueous dissolution of gaseous 1-MCP and the encapsulation of the dissolved molecules by alpha-CD. The kinetics and mechanism of molecular encapsulation were analyzed based on the depletion rate of 1-MCP in the headspace of the vessel. The encapsulation rates could be explained quantitatively by the gas absorption theory with a pseudo-first-order reaction between 1-MCP and alpha-CD. The negative value of the calculated apparent activation energy of encapsulation (-24.4 kJ/mol) implied the significant effect of exothermic aqueous dissolution of 1-MCP. An encapsulation temperature of 15 degrees C was optimal; at this temperature, the highest 1-MCP yield and best inclusion ratio of inclusion complex were obtained. Changes in the X-ray diffraction pattern suggested that the crystal lattice structure of alpha-CD was altered upon inclusion of 1-MCP. 相似文献
Seed processing and dormancy break treatments are recommended for rendering seeds restoration-ready. Conversely, fruit structures and seed coats may protect seeds from environmental harm in the field. We evaluated the effects of seed processing (by either keeping fruit structures or extracting seeds) and/or scarification (of physically dormant seeds) on the seedling emergence and establishment of 10 legume tree species from tropical forests and savannas of Central Brazil. We sowed seeds in a greenhouse for reference and in a field experiment conducted in tilled ready-to-seed sites. We monitored seedling emergence and survival for a year. We calculated the costs of harvesting, processing, and pretreating seeds, and considered the final cost of a 1-year-old seedling. Seed extraction resulted in lower emergence for most species in the greenhouse and in the field. It also accelerated emergence of three and four species in the greenhouse and the field, respectively. Scarification resulted in lower seedling emergence in the field for half of the species, while it increased emergence of three species in the greenhouse. Most species presented accelerated emergence both in the greenhouse and the field. The seedling cost was 1.6 to 74.6 times higher when seeds were processed, and 1.3 to 6.0 times when seeds were scarified, except for one species. Keeping fruit structures and seed coats reduced the costs of seeds and increased the success of direct seeding.
In a 6-week feeding experiment, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, swim-up fry, were fed fish meal diets supplemented with silkworm pupae powder (5%), dried beef liver (5%), krill meal (5%) or earthworm powder (5%) at the expense of fish meal, or substituting glucose (13%) for dextrin. Fish fed the diet with earthworm powder showed the best growth performance (675% weight gain in 6 weeks) and feed efficiency (117%). The growth rate and feed efficiency of the krill meal group were also significantly better than those of the control group (without supplement or substitution). Substitution of glucose and supplementation of silkworm pupae or beef liver failed to improve the growth rate, but significantly improved feed efficiency. Food consumption of fish fed the diet supplemented with earthworms was lowest, and none of the dietary treatments appreciably increased food intake of the fish over that of the control group. The dietary group receiving earthworm powder also showed significantly higher body fat content than the remaining dietary groups. No significant differences were noted in body protein and ash contents among all dietary treatments. 相似文献