猪繁殖障碍性主要传染病的血清流行病学研究

对采自云南省楚雄州10县市22个规模猪场及107户农户的803份猪血清、642份临床无异常的种猪抗凝全血、84头繁殖障碍母猪血清及4头乳猪脏器,应用胶乳凝集试验(LAT)、猪伪狂犬病gE抗体鉴别酶联免疫吸咐试验(ELISA)、多方法酶联免疫吸咐试验、虎红平板凝集试验及试管凝集试验、间接血凝试验(HIA)、细菌学检验、流行病学调查等方法,对PR、PPV、PRRS、PCV-2、CSF、JE、布病、衣原体病共8种病同步进行血清学(猪瘟病原学)调查,结果感染率分别为30.39%、21.05%、3.11%、59.40%、1.71%、24.53%、0.25%和10.71%。流行病学调查结果,繁殖障碍发病场占调查场的68.18%,各场母猪繁殖障碍发病率在75.00%-0之间,农户散养母猪在20.00%-0之间。     

抗生素的耐药性是怎样产生的

治疗宠物犬疾病,从八十年代初兴起,应用抗生素已有30多年。由于抗生素类别多,品种多,门诊实践中因用药不当,抗生素很容易产生耐药性。如何科学合理使用抗生素,避免或延缓耐药性产生,是兽医门诊治疗宠物犬病应该高度重视的问题。     

Splenic mast cell tumour and mastocytaemia in a cat: case study and literature review

CASE: An 11-year-old female domestic shorthaired cat presenting with clinical signs of depression, anorexia, weight loss, fever, anaemia and a mid-abdominal mass was referred for abdominal ultrasound examination. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Ultrasonography of the abdomen identified a markedly enlarged spleen. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen revealed a uniform population of mast cells, 11% of which were observed to have phagocytosed erythrocytes. It is speculated that this may have been a contributing factor in the development of anaemia in this case. Mast cells were detected in a peripheral-blood smear and a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (splenic mast cell tumour together with mastocytaemia) was made. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by histopathology of the spleen. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy and treatment with corticosteroids appears to have resulted in remission of clinical signs and anaemia. A reduction in the concentration of mast cells in the peripheral blood had not occurred 6 weeks postsplenectomy, but was evident by 10 months post-splenectomy.     

8301多糖的纯化及光谱分析

８３０１粗多糖经沸水溶解、三氯乙酸正丁醇除蛋白质、乙醇沉淀纯化,得精制多糖,用二硝基水杨酸法测定其含糖量在６０％以上,经紫外光谱分析,其中不含蛋白质。通过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００柱层析分离,得Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３三部分,其Ｔ２部分的红外光谱分析提示具有子实体多糖特有的乙酰基、羟基的吸收峰。     

多×寒×滩羊三元杂交羔羊育肥效果研究初报

利用杂种优势是羊羔肉生产中行之有效的关键技术。据报道,我国尚缺乏有效的绵羊三元杂交组合生产羔羊肉。实验表明,无角多赛特×小尾寒羊×滩羊三元杂交羔羊的初生重、繁殖成活率、６月龄体重分别比小尾寒羊×滩羊二元杂交羔羊提高１２．５８％、１０．７３％、２８．５８％;三元杂交羊羔既发挥了当地滩羊耐粗饲、适应当地自然气候条件的特点,小尾寒羊多胎率及四季发情的特点也得到体现,又改进了二元杂交羔羊体躯不丰满、个体产     

Parasite control methods used by horse owners: factors predisposing to the development of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes

One hundred and fifty horse owners, primarily private owners and riding schools, replied to a questionnaire concerning the practices they used to control parasites. Twenty-seven had experienced a parasite problem. Faecal samples from 188 horses selected at random showed that worm control practices were generally successful; however, many owners were not following recommendations for slowing the development of resistant parasites. In 1996, 86 per cent of the owners were using either three or two classes of anthelmintic a year, and they used a median of six doses with a range from one to 11. Approximately half the owners, more commonly owners of up to five horses, picked up their horses' faeces at least once a week, but these owners also used more doses of anthelmintic a year than owners who did not pick up faeces. One-third of the owners manually removed Gasterophilus species eggs from the horses' hairs, but 94 per cent of them also used ivermectin. Many owners treated specifically for Anoplocephala species, cyathostome larvae and Gasterophilus species, and these owners were the most likely to use three classes of anthelmintic a year. One-hundred-and-seven owners replied to a second questionnaire asking for information about the factors that influenced their anthelmintic control practices. Many owners, particularly private owners, were not influenced by the cost of the anthelmintic. For the timing and frequency of treatment, and the choice of drug, owners were most influenced by advertisements, magazine articles and veterinary surgeons. In two magazines aimed at horse owners, the brands of drugs most frequently advertised were the brands most commonly used by the owners, and articles in the magazines recommended the use of three classes of drug per year. These results are discussed in relation to their influence on the development of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes.     

长白山区早春重要蜜粉源植物——柳树

长白山区的柳树属于杨柳科、柳属,为乔木或灌木,有十几种雌雄异株,柔荑花序,花先开或与叶同时开放,花黄色,因种类不同,花期交错达30多天.柳树是早春的第一大蜜粉源,一般年份花期为4月10日至5月10日,蜜粉均多,花粉黄色,是春季发展蜂群的重要蜜粉源.     

Mycobacterial disease in a population of 339 cats in Great Britain: II. Histopathology of 225 cases, and treatment and outcome of 184 cases

This study investigated 339 cases of feline mycobacterial infection, with histopathology findings from 225 cases, and treatment and outcome information from 184 cases. Tissue samples from cats with cutaneous lesions or suspicious masses at exploratory laparotomy were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency for mycobacterial culture over a 4-year period to December 2008. The study reviewed the files for information about histopathology, treatment and outcome, and blindly reviewed histopathological changes (including staining for acid-fast bacteria [AFB]) in a sub-set of 45 cases. When a cat is suspected of having a mycobacterial infection, accurate identification of the species involved helps to determine possible treatment options and prognosis. The study confirmed that histopathology and the presence of AFB are useful tools in the recognition of mycobacterial infection. Unfortunately, they did little to help determine the species of mycobacteria involved. The study identified a group of cats that were negative for AFB at the primary laboratory, but from which mycobacteria could be cultured; commonly Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. The study also identified a group of cats which where culture negative, despite typical signs of mycobacterial infection and positive AFB staining. Many cases responded favourably to treatment (56% of the cases where information was available), and many cats gained complete remission (42%). However, relapses were common (64%) and often followed by pulmonary and/or systemic spread that may have resulted from treatment with short courses of single drugs. This study shows that the diagnosis and treatment of feline mycobacteriosis is complex and challenging.     

搞好奶牛舍内的环境卫生

生产实践证明,奶牛的生产力30％取决于品种．40％～50％取决于饲料,20％～30％取决于环境条件。牛舍内的环境卫生差可使奶牛的生产力下降10％-30％,使患病率上升30％～60％。养牛场（户）在修建牛舍时必须符合奶牛对各种环境卫生的要求（包括温度、湿度、气流、光照等）,对已使用的牛舍平时要注意搞好环境卫生,为奶牛创造一个舒适的生活环境。