A pioneering survey of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea

A pioneering boat-based survey was conducted in 2019, to gather baseline information regarding the presence, composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea (SCS). A total of 27 sightings comprising at least 8 cetacean species were recorded during the 13-day survey, including 5 deep-diving species (i.e. Risso's dolphin [Grampus griseus], short-finned pilot whale [Globicephala macrorhynchus], sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], Cuvier's beaked whale [Ziphius cavirostris], and an unidentified beaked whale [either the ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens, or Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula]), as well as 3 off-shore dolphins (i.e. pantropical spotted dolphin [Stenella attenuate], striped dolphin [Stenella coeruleoalba], and Fraser's dolphin [Lagenodelphis hosei]). With the exception of pantropical spotted dolphins, all other species were sighted and recorded at sea in the northern SCS for the first time. The pantropical spotted dolphin was the most frequently sighted species, comprising 30% of the total sightings. Deep-diving cetaceans were mainly sighted in the northern Xisha Archipelago, whereas off-shore dolphins were distributed across the survey area. The pantropical spotted dolphin was observed in aggregations of more than 100 individuals and nearly all encountered species included calves; these findings suggested that the survey area functions as an important feeding and calving ground for various cetacean species. This pioneering survey provides fundamental information regarding cetacean fauna in the northern SCS and highlights the need to strengthen research and conservation efforts concerning these species.     

猪腹泻相关病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立同时检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪轮状病毒(PRV)的多重RT-PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的PEDV S基因、TGEV S基因和PRV VP6基因序列设计合成引物,利用这3对引物对同一样品中的PEDV、TGEV、PRV进行多重RT-PCR扩增,结果显示,该方法可以同时扩增PEDV(682 bp)、TGEV(480 bp)和PRV(297 bp)的特异性DNA片段,而对猪瘟病毒和猪伪狂犬病毒的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验结果表明,该多重RT-PCR方法对PEDV、TGEV和PRV的最低检出量分别为3.3×103拷贝/μL、3.2×103拷贝/μL和2.8×103拷贝/μL。利用建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法和单项RT-PCR对20份临床病料进行检测,结果显示,两者的总符合率为100%。结果表明建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可以用于这3种病毒的同时检测和疾病的鉴别诊断。     

苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

为探讨烯效唑(S3307)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5d)和叶面喷施20mg·L^-1S3307处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S3307响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S3307与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S3307通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。     

云南武定鸡肉品质分析

本试验对230日龄武定鸡不同性别和部位的肉质物理特性指标进行了测定分析。结果显示:①性别对230日龄武定鸡的肉质物理特性影响不大,仅在嫩度上母鸡优于公鸡,且差异显著(P<0.05);②部位对230日龄武定鸡肉质的物理特性有很明显的影响(P<0.05),胸肌的嫩度、贮藏损失、L值、b值均显著高于腿肌,而a值、pH值显著低于腿肌,只有系水率在胸部和腿部间没有显著差异(P>0.05);③阉割可以改善武定鸡肉质。     

重庆地区表观健康猪中猪链球菌的检测

本研究旨在调查重庆地区表观健康猪的猪链球菌带菌情况,并揭示健康猪群携带猪链球菌的公共卫生学意义。随机采集重庆市17个区县(市)定点屠宰场表观健康猪的腭扁桃体1 360份,进行猪链球菌的分离鉴定,并对致病性较强的1、2、7、9、14型及1/2型进行分型与毒力因子分析。结果共分离到225株猪链球菌,分离率为16.54%;检出猪链球菌2型4株,猪链球菌7型3株,猪链球菌9型3株,猪链球菌1/2型1株;毒力因子谱分析发现多数(10/11)分离株缺失部分毒力因子,但也存在具有全部已知毒力因子的强毒株,且在国内首次检出小片段mrp型猪链球菌1/2型1株和7型2株。结果提示,重庆地区健康猪群带菌现象普遍,且流行菌株具有与国外不同的特点,对屠宰场工作人员健康造成威胁。     

贵州优良草品种引种选育及应用

贵州主要地方优良草种选育及利用在贵州草地畜牧业发展和石漠化治理中具有重要意义,研究结合近年来的科研工作,综述了贵州近30年来在主要地方优良草种选育利用方面的主要成就。结果表明,自贵州草地畜牧业兴起以来,广大科技人员为解决草地生产用种问题,先后引进国内外优良草种10余种累计100多份品种资源,并多次考察收集贵州野生牧草品种资源近1 000份,经过整理、鉴定,发掘了一批重要的育种材料。近15年来,采用引种驯化筛选、选择育种等方法先后选育牧草新品种9个,对促进贵州草地畜牧业的发展做出了一定的贡献。还分析了贵州牧草育种存在的主要问题并展望了今后育种研究的主要方向。     

江西7个地方鸡品种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记．检测了丝毛鸟骨鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡、余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡等江西省7个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（h）、多态信息含量（PIC）、群体间的Nei氏标准遗传距离（Ds）和DA遗传距离。结果表明．30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在7个鸡群体中的多态信息含量均为高度多态．可作为有效的遗传标记用于鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析；在7个品种中．杂合度最低的是余干乌骨鸡．为0．6155．杂合度最高的是崇仁麻鸡．为0．6525，各地方鸡品种的杂合度都偏高，反映了群体的遗传多样性非常丰富；7个鸡品种间的DA、Ds遗传距离远近关系一致．但DA距离均比Ds距离大；用UPGMA法对DA和Ds的聚类结果相同．7个鸡品种被聚为3类．余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡聚为一类．崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡聚为一类．丝毛乌骨鸡独自为一类。     

汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡母鸡的肌肉营养成分及风味的比较

本试验旨在研究刚开产的汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡母鸡肌肉的营养成分和挥发性风味物质.选择1日龄汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡母鸡各200只,随机分为4个重复,每个重复50只鸡,在统一的营养水平和饲养管理方式下进行饲养,每个重复随机选取4只于150日龄屠宰,分析其肌肉品质、肌肉中挥发性风味物质的含量.结果表明:汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的胸肌中肌苷酸含量均显著高于腿肌(P<0.05);汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的腿肌、胸肌的氨基酸组成中EAA/TAA在40%左右,EAA/NEAA均在65%以上,必需氨基酸评分中,汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的腿肌、胸肌中的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和汶上芦花鸡的蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸评分均高于理想评分,说明这2个品种均具有优秀的蛋白质水平和较高的营养价值;汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的腿肌均含有20种脂肪酸,胸肌均含有17种脂肪酸,其中,济宁百日鸡的多不饱和脂肪酸总量(PUFA)显著高于汶上芦花鸡(P<0.05),而单不饱和脂肪酸总量(MUFA)显著低于汶上芦花鸡(P<0.05),表明济宁百日鸡的营养价值要高于汶上芦花鸡,但肉品质上易酸败变质;汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的腿肌、胸肌中挥发性风味物质组成差别较大,且均以烷烃类、醇类、醛类和酮类化合物为主.由此可见,汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡母鸡均具有较高的营养价值和可口的风味.     

Preparation and Identification of Canine Parvovirus NY Strain VP2 Protein Polyclonal Antibody

This study was aimed to prepare canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 protein polyclonal antibody.The recombinant expression vector pET28a-CPV-VP2 was constructed and transfromed into E.coli BL21 (DE3),the expression of recombinant proteins was induced by IPTG from which the fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.The target protein was purified and emulsify with adjuvant,the prepared immunogen was inoculated into rabbit by subcutaneous injections to prepare of VP2 protein specific polyclonal antibody.The immuno-activity,titers,neutralization titers of the prepared polyclonal antibody were determined by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA).The results showed that the expressed recombinant protein VP2 (rVP2) existed in the form of inclusion body with a molecular weight of 72 ku.The prepared polyclonal antibody titer was 1 600 dilution,the virus titer was 10⁷ TCID₅₀/mL,the neutralizing titer was 1∶2 884.The antibodies showed specific reaction with CPV.In conclusion,rVP2 specific polyclonal antibody showed wonderful immunocompetence,specificity and neutralizing activity,providing foundation for the development of genetic vaccine and clinical therapeutic method.     

生物酶法提取中草药活性成分研究进展

对酶提方法的原理、酶类选择依据、酶提工艺,以及酶提法应用现状进行了综述,旨在为同类研究提供技术参考。中草药具有广泛的应用前景和开发潜力,为提高中药疗效,方便临床用药,生产中常需要对中草药进行提取,然而传统的提取方法较为繁杂。随着科技进步,一些现代中药提取方法不断涌现。酶提方法是一种应用酶工程技术提取中药的现代中药提取方法,该方法具有高效、无毒、反应条件温和等优点,是一种发展潜力较大的中药提取方法。