羽衣甘蓝×芥菜型油菜种间杂种再生和染色体加倍

以羽衣甘蓝和芥菜型油菜种间杂种(ZH201)(2=3x=ABC=27)为试验材料,以花序轴,果柄和子房为外植体,采用不同处理对其进行再生研究;对获得的再生试管苗用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜进行处理,比较不同因素对染色体加倍的影响;对获得的三倍体和六倍体植株进行形态学和细胞学比较.结果表明:杂种植株再生频率从高到低依次为果柄、子房、花序轴,将外植体直接接种到分化培养基(MS+0.2 NAA+3.0 mg/L 6 BA 3.0 mg/L+5.0 mg/L AgNO3+0.6 mg/L GA3)上再生频率最高.在染色体加倍处理方面,以100 mg/L秋水仙素处理根尖24 h效果最好,获得的六倍体植株与三倍体相比,花朵颜色较深,花瓣较大,花药饱满,荚果能够正常生长,获得部分种子.在细胞学上,三倍体植株在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ存在着大量单价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ发现有大量染色体落后现象.六倍体植株中在花粉母细胞减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ也发现有染色体落后现象,但是落后染色体比三倍体少.

Abstract：

Rachises, pedicels and ovaries from the interspecific hybrid ZH201 (2n= 3X=ABC=27) between Brassica oleracea var. acephala and B. juncea were used as explants and cultured on different media to study their frequency of regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were treated with colchicine or Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) to compare their effect on chromosome doubling and to obtain hexaploid plants. The morphological and cytological characteristics of the triploid and hexaploid plants were compared. The results showed that plantlet regeneration frequency of the explants was in the order of pedicel ＞ ovary ＞ rachis. The highest regeneration frequency was obtained when the explants were directly inoculated on the differentiation medium MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3 +0.6mg/L GA3. The treatment of root meristem with 100 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 hours yielded the best results of chromosome doubling. Compared with their triploid counterparts, the hexaploid plants obtained had bigger petals with darker color and well-filled anther and normal pods and, as a result, yielded some seeds. In cytological examination, many univalent chromosomes were observed during meiosis metaphase I of pollen mother cells of the triploid plants and many lagging chromosomes during anaphase I and anaphase Ⅱ. Though lagging chromosomes were also detected during anaphase Ⅱ and anaphase Ⅱ of the hexaploid plants, their number was much smaller than that of the triploid plants.     

鄂西南山区珍稀濒危药用植物资源调查研究

报道了鄂西南山区32种国家级珍稀濒危药用植物资源,介绍了其保护级别、分布、生境、药用部位、药用价值及资源状况,并结合鄂西南山区珍稀药用植物的现状,对资源保护提出了建议.     

Design and Implementation of Agricultural Information Data-Delivery System Based on Web

Data-delivery of agricultural information is a very tedious work, traditional data-delivery patterns and methods can not meet the requirements of the practical work. This paper provided the design idea and implement method for data-delivery system of agricultural information based on Web. Report and data will be separated in this system, and the person can change template and data at any time on demand. The problem that report template and data fixed together would be solved. The agricultural information resources sharing would be also implemented.     

基于层次分析法的农产品经济效益评估

针对同类农作物不同品种的经济效益评估的经济评估体系,采用层次分析法对各品种确定收入与投入的组合权重,用组合权向量作商法得出相对经济效益Lo结合湖南江永县当地实际情况,对椪柑、夏橙、脐橙进行效益排序,比较各品种的相对经济效益L,为南方农村经济作物种植提供了参考,便于农户选择出最优品种.     

林分密度对山桃树冠结构的影响研究

树冠结构决定着林木外部形态和对光能的截获能力,并直接影响林木个体的初级生产力。对于风景林来说,树冠结构不仅影响着林木个体的姿态,而且严重地影响着林木的开花结实,进而显著地影响着林木的观赏性。以北京山区山桃风景林为例,从枝条长度、枝条基径、分枝角度及侧枝密度等变化的角度对林分密度与山桃树冠结构的关系进行研究。结果表明:①山桃的树冠形状在一定程度上受林分密度的影响,高密度（3 500株/hm2）林分中山桃活枝下高相对较高,而冠幅、树冠率相对较小。②林分密度在一定程度上对一级侧枝的各种树冠形态参数产生影响,但不同处理间差异不显著,而对较高序级枝条的枝长度、基径、枝角和侧枝密度有显著或极显著影响;各序级枝条的基径随密度提高而增大,且与枝角呈负相关,与枝长度呈显著正相关。③在低密度（2 500株/hm2）林分中,各树冠层次中的枝条结构均有利于光的吸收,长短枝比例相对比较合理。建议山桃风景林的经营密度应控制在2 500株/hm2以内。      

BP神经网络在水稻病虫害诊断中的应用研究

介绍了BP神经网络算法及编码的内涵,探讨了基于BP神经网络的水稻病虫害专家系统的构建。研究表明,BP神经网络在水稻病虫害诊断中具有较强的应用价值。     

重组猪α干扰素理化性状及其体外抗病毒活性研究

[目的]研究重组猪α干扰素（rPoIFN-α）半成品理化性状并对其体外抗病毒活性进行测试与鉴定。[方法]用HEp-2/VSV体系对3批rPoIFN-α蛋白进行抗病毒活性检测,以重组人IFN-α为参比品,测定干扰素效价;用0.25%胰蛋白酶HCl以及鼠抗猪α干扰素单克隆抗体作用已知效价的rPoIFN-α半成品,并检测各批次抗病毒活性,对rPoIFN-α理化性状进行评价;在猪肾细胞株（PK-15）上检测rPoIFN-α对猪细小病毒（PPV）和猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）的致细胞病变抑制效应,观察rPoIFN-α的体外抗病毒活性。[结果]HEp-2/VSV体系滴定rPoIFN-α半成品效价可达1.5×105IU/ml,比活性达1.1×106IU/mg;rPoIFN-α经0.25%胰蛋白酶37℃作用1h,效价残留率低于1%,经HCl（pH=2.0）处理72h效价残留率高达95%以上,经56℃处理30min效价残留率高于47%,经鼠抗猪α干扰素单克隆抗体37℃作用1h后效价残留率约为1%;体外抗病毒试验表明,用50和500IU/mlrPoIFN-α可分别抑制PRV和PPV对PK-15细胞株致细胞病变效应。[结论]rPoIFN-α具有IFN-α的基本理化性状,其在体外可分别抑制PRV、PPV对PK-15细胞株致细胞病变效应,但剂量有差别。     

小花生新品系产量鉴定试验

2009年在山东省花生研究所莱西试验站对9个小花生新品系进行了产量鉴定试验,结果表明,参试9个新品系中7个比对照品种花育20号显著增产,籽仁增产幅度为10.40%～19.51%。S8、S14籽仁产量高达4 593.75kg/hm2。这些品系经进一步鉴定、繁育,其中的优良品系将参加省级或国家区试。     

施肥措施对春播糯玉米的物质形成累积的影响研究

采用春播糯玉米研究不同施肥措施对其物质形成累积的影响。结果表明,糯玉米从拔节初期开始物质形成累积一直保持相当高的速率,其中在拔节开始至抽雄,吐丝开始至成熟收获期间形成两个高峰。在本试验条件下,氮素供应是施肥措施中对提高糯玉米物质形成累积和获取高产的主导因素,施磷钾肥也可获不同程度增产效果。回归分析表明,春播糯玉米氮磷钾适宜用量分别为:氮336.4 kg/hm2,磷(P2O5)71.8 kg/hm2和钾(K2O)152.7 kg/hm2。此外,施用氮肥可显著提高糯玉米的单苞鲜重和籽粒率。     

践行科学发展 确保粮食安全

中国加入世贸组织后,贸易自由化与贸易保护主义共存,各种贸易壁垒如"绿色壁垒"、"技术壁垒"等,都将对中国农产品国际贸易带来新的挑战。近来由美国挑起的中国农产品安全问题就是具体写照。我们要加快农产品质量检验监测体系建设,研究提出农产品质量标准,尽快同国际接轨,确保农产品安全。还要警惕经济全球化和由此带来的动植物病虫害和病原体的毁灭性风险,提高中国农产品的国际竞争力。