Quinaldine and Indole based pH sensitive Textile chemosensor

Colorimetric chemosensors are now considered as one of the most effective analytical method used in the environment monitoring. Colorimetric chemosensor for pH sensing can easily detect the primary danger or change of the surrounding environment pollution and source of infection and can prevent danger in the various fields. Quinaldine and Indole based colorants having the function of colorimetric chemosensors were synthesized. Each colorants are confirmed to compare the result of mass spectra with calculated mass of Quinaline and Indole respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the colors of each colorants solutions were changed in basic conditions while no changes were observed in acidic conditions.     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbocyclic Analogues of Pachastrissamine

A series of carbocyclic analogues of naturally-occurring marine sphingolipid pachastrissamine were prepared and biologically evaluated. The analogues were efficiently synthesized via a tandem enyne/diene-ene metathesis reaction as a key step. We found that the analogue 4b exhibited comparable cytotoxicity and more potent inhibitory activity against sphingosine kinases, compared to pachastrissamine. Molecular modeling studies were conducted to provide more detailed insight into the binding mode of 4b in sphingosine kinase. In our docking model, pachastrissamine and 4b were able to effectively bind to the binding pocket of sphingosine kinase 1 as co-crystalized sphingosine. However, 4b showed a hydrophobic interaction with Phe192, which suggests that it contributes to its increased inhibitory activity against sphingosine kinase 1.     

Clinical features and management of snake bites in 70 dogs in Korea

BackgroundSnakebites remain a devastating and life-threatening environmental hazard. While the management of snakebites has been well described in humans, few clinical data and guidelines exist for dogs, especially in Korea.ObjectivesThis retrospective study evaluated the clinical features of 70 dogs with snakebite wounds in Korea.MethodsThe medical records of 72 dogs that presented to three animal hospitals from June 2008 to July 2021 were reviewed; among these, 70 dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Their signalment, history, clinical signs, physical examination, blood analysis, treatment, and prognosis were also evaluated.ResultsOf 70 dog owners, 35 (50%) witnessed the bite, with a mean time between bite and hospital presentation of 9.7 ± 4.1 h in 58 dogs. Blood smears were evaluated in 45 dogs, of which 28 (62%) showed echinocytosis. Anemia and acute kidney injury were found in 21 (29%) and 2 dogs (3%), respectively. A total of 37 dogs (53%) were hospitalized, 5 (7%) of which died.ConclusionsThe most significant finding was the high prevalence of echinocytosis. The data from this retrospective study could inform the management of dogs bitten by snakes in Korea.     

Preliminary Study of the Optimum Dietary Riboflavin Level in Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

A 14‐wk feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the optimum dietary riboflavin (vitamin B₂) level in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. A total of 360 sea cucumbers averaging 1.49 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 rectangular plastic tanks, and each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of six diets containing 0.29 (B₂0), 4.22 (B₂4), 8.93 (B₂9), 17.9 (B₂18), 56.7 (B₂57), and 577 (B₂577) mg riboflavin/kg diet. At the end of 14 wk of feeding trial, average weight gain (WG) of sea cucumbers fed B₂9, B₂18, B₂57, and B₂577 diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of animals fed B₂0 diet. WG of sea cucumbers fed B₂18, B₂57, and B₂577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B₂0 and B₂4 diets. Specific growth rate of sea cucumbers fed B₂9, B₂18, B₂57, and B₂577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B₂0 and B₂4 diets. Feed efficiency of sea cucumbers fed B₂9, B₂57, and B₂577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B₂0 and B₂4 diets. Although significant differences were recorded in proximate composition of sea cucumbers fed the experimental diets, no clear trends were observed. The ANOVA test suggested that the optimum dietary riboflavin level in sea cucumber could be 17.9 mg/kg diet but broken‐line analysis of WG indicated a level of 9.73 mg riboflavin/kg diet. Therefore, these results may indicate that the optimum dietary riboflavin level in sea cucumber could be higher than 9.73 mg/kg diet but lower than 17.9 mg/kg diet.     

Effect of Whole Grain Wheat Flour on the Mixing Properties,Oil Uptake,and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Instant Fried Noodles

The effects of whole grain wheat (WGW) flour on the quality attributes of instant fried noodles were characterized in terms of mixing and oil‐resisting properties as well as in vitro starch digestibility. Higher water absorption and shorter kneading time were required to obtain the optimally mixed dough from WGW flour, and the presence of nonstarch components in the WGW flour lowered the thermal conductivity of the noodles. The use of WGW flour produced instant fried noodles with oil uptake reduced by 30%, which could be correlated with the less porous structure confirmed by the surface and cross‐sectional scanning electron microscope images. When the instant fried noodles were subjected to in vitro starch digestion, the use of WGW flour was effective in suppressing the hydrolysis of starch in the noodles, and the predicted glycemic index of the WGW noodles (80.6) was significantly lower than that of the white wheat noodles (83.3).     

Identification of dspEF, hrpW, and hrpN loci and characterization of the hrpN Ep gene in Erwinia pyrifoliae

Erwinia pyrifoliae, the causal pathogen of shoot blight in the Asian pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Singo), is host-specific and endemic to Korea. To identify the genes associated with the hypersensitive response (HR) and pathogenicity, a genomic library of E. pyrifoliae WT3 was constructed, and the cosmid clone Escherichia coli (pCEP33) was selected. Sequence analysis of 19.7-kb pCEP33 determined disease-specific (dsp) region homolog and approximately 40% of the hrp genes, which included hrpW, hrpN_Ep, hrpV, hrpT, hrcC, hrpG, hrpF, and partial hrpE homologs, with respect to the cluster of Erwinia amylovora. Additionally, two open reading frames, ORFD and ORFE, were found downstream of the dspEF region. The results of the sequence analysis showed that the pCEP33 did not contain any hrp regulatory genes or most of the genes encoding components of the Hrp protein secretion system. The hrpN_Ep gene of E. pyrifoliae contained five intergenic nucleotide fragment insertions (INFIs) and produced the HR elicitor protein harpin_Ep, with a molecular mass of approximately 44kDa. The purified HrpN_Ep protein elicited faster and stronger HR when infiltrated into tobacco leaves than did HrpN_Ea from E. amylovora. To observe the role of the hrpL gene in the expression of HrpN_Ep, the pEL2 containing hrpL was used to transform E. coli (pCEP33). Expression of HrpN_Ep in E. coli (pCEP33 + pEPL2) was detected with an immunoblot using antiserum raised against HrpN_Ep, indicating a role of hrpL gene in enhancing the expression of HrpN_Ep.     

Promotion of dermal wound healing by polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus gilvus in rats

The effects of topical administration of polysaccharides isolated from fungus, Phellinus gilvus (PG) on the healing of rat dermal wounds were assessed. In 10 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, six 6 mm diameter defects were made with a punch biopsy appliance. After 24 hr, test substances were applied to the defects twice a day: 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5% polysaccharides from PG (PG0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 groups), Madecassol ointment (MC group), aqueous gel (AG group) and no treatment (control group). Six days postoperatively, the contraction and reepithelialization of the wound surface were assessed. Wound diameter was significantly reduced in all PG groups (P<0.05). Complete epithelialization and macrophages were noted in the PG0.25 group, as compared to the control group. We conclude that polysaccharides isolated from PG have significant dermal wound healing effects, and this investigation suggests the potential clinical application of PG as a wound healing agent.     

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken interleukin-17

Chicken interleukin-17 (chIL-17) gene was previously characterized through cloning from a chicken intestinal expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA library. To further investigate the biological properties of chIL-17, six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a bacterially expressed chIL-17 recombinant protein were produced and their binding specificities characterized. Antibodies which were initially selected on the basis of their specific binding reactivity with recombinant chIL-17 in ELISA were further characterized by Western blot analysis. Monoclonal antibodies specific for chIL-17 identified 20 and 21kDa protein bands in the culture supernatant and cell lysate of CU205 cells. These mAbs also recognized specific bands for chIL-17 in the cell lysate from conconavalin A (Con A)-activated, but not from normal splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, these mAbs detected a 16kDa protein in the lysate of CU205 cells treated with tunicamycin and stained an intracellular protein in CU205 cells in flow cytometric analysis. Together, these results indicate that these new mAbs are specific for chIL-17 and will be a useful tool for structural and immunological studies of IL-17 in poultry.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, single radial immunodiffusion, and indirect methods for the detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves

BACKGROUND: Confirmatory tests for failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves require direct measurements of the serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has advantages over single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) in terms of cost and time. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the agreement between ELISA and SRID, and to compare the diagnostic performance of ELISA with indirect methods, in the detection of FTPI in calves. ANIMALS: One hundred and fifteen dairy calves (aged 0-10 days) from 23 calf-rearing facilities. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. The agreement between SRID and ELISA was determined by the Bland-Altman method. Fixed bias (SRID - ELISA) was calculated. For comparison of the diagnostic performance of ELISA with indirect methods, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated at cut-off values of 500 and 1,000 mg/dL. RESULTS: The agreement between SRID and ELISA was 94%. Fixed bias (SRID - ELISA) was 140 +/- 364 mg/dL. The AUC and sensitivity of ELISA at the cut-off value of 1,000 mg/dL were higher than those of indirect methods (P<.004). The specificity of ELISA at the cut-off value of 1,000 mg/dL was not higher than that of indirect methods, except for serum total protein concentration assay. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: ELISA exhibited good diagnostic performance and good agreement with SRID. ELISA is an adequate method for both screening and confirmatory tests for FTPI in dairy calves at the cut-off value of 500 mg/dL.