甘肃省动物检疫出证人员分级管理模式实践

甘肃省动物卫生监督所制定了《甘肃省动物检疫出证人员管理办法》,通过明确动物检疫出证人员的资格条件,制定认定程序和资格注销程序,实行分级管理,使得出证人员的管理更加科学,责任感进一步增强,动物检疫出证行为更加规范,从而保证了动物检疫工作的质量。     

北京市马属动物赛事监管制度的建立

通过对近年来重大马术活动的监管,结合《北京市动物防疫条例》的实施,北京市逐步形成马属动物展览演出比赛的“赛事报告、报检报验、档案记录、防疫条件审查、隔离观察、赛中监管、应急预备和宣传告知”八大监管制度,确保了北京市马属动物无疫安全。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响

在甘肃省甘南州临潭县研究围栏内补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被的高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数的影响。结果表明,在各划破草皮处理中,牧草总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数随着补播量的增加而增加,植被高度随着补播量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。补播和划破草皮有显著互作效果,补播量3[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)播量为49.1 kg·hm-2,老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus) 播量为67.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.1)播量为23.3 kg·hm-2]和划破草皮组合的牧草地上生物量(201.5 g·m-2)、总盖度(88.2%)和功能群物种多样性总指数(1.203)达到最大值,补播量1（垂穗披碱草播量为26.7 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号为0）和划破草皮组合的植被高度(11.7 cm)达到最大值。就各补播水平平均值而言,划破草皮植被高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数显著高于未划破草皮。综合考虑高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数,经关联度分析可知,补播量2（垂穗披碱草播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为52.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号18.3 kg·hm-2）和划破草皮为最优组合。     

中国矮生刺黄瓜品系特性的研究初报

本文利用由中国蔓生刺黄瓜自然突变产生的矮生型黄瓜为材料，通过多低自交选育及性状观察，初步了解该矮生黄瓜植物学性状除具有自封顶、植株矮化性状外，与蔓生型黄瓜无明显差异。在生物学方面，该矮生黄瓜具有早熟、雌花节率高、结果集中、生长期短等特性。通过对中国矮生刺黄瓜与不同品种蔓生黄瓜杂交后代的观察、分析，初步认为黄瓜植株高度是由单基因体系和多基因体系共同作用决定的。     

Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows

This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. MO was harvested at 120 days post‐seeding. Fresh MO was cut, mixed with chopped oat hay (425:575 on a DM basis), ensiled and stored for 60 days. Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: NM (no MO or control), LM (low MO; 25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by MO silage) or HM (high MO; 50% alfalfa hay and 100% maize silage were replaced by MO silage). The feeding trial lasted 35 days. The LM and HM diets did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield or milk composition (lactose, milk fat, milk protein and somatic cell count). The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower for HM group than NM group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between the LM and NM groups. The HM group had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of urea than the NM group. The partial replacement of alfalfa hay (≤50%) and maize silage with MO silage had no negative effects on milk yield, in vivo nutrient apparent digestibility or serum biochemical indexes of lactating cows.     

临夏州现代畜牧业发展及促进新农村建设探析

新农村建设的核心在于建设现代农业。当前,临夏州正处于农业生产结构优化、农业提质增效的关键时期,建设社会主义新农村的任务十分艰巨。促进临夏现代农业农村经济又好又快发展,走具有地方特色现代农业,临夏州应把促进现代畜牧业发展摆在更加重要的位置,认真研究解决好如何加快畜牧业科技进步,转变畜牧业饲养方式,健全完善畜禽良种繁育体系,建立饲草饲料生产体系,培育和扶持市场竞争主体,建立有效的防疫体系,是发展现代畜牧业循环经济,促进新农村建设,助推脱贫攻坚的全局性突出问题。     

30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治萝卜蚜田间药效试验

为了筛选出防治萝卜蚜高效、低残留药剂,对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油和40%氧乐果乳油防治萝卜蚜进行了药效对比及用量试验。田间试验结果表明,30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对萝卜蚜具有理想的防治效果,表现出良好的速效性和持效性,使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油65～135mL/667m2,在蚜虫发生期内喷雾防治,施药第1d,防治效果就超过90%,药后第10d仍保持在90%以上,且对油菜安全。     

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus,Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.     

保卫细胞液泡内pH调节的可逆解聚聚合颗粒物性质初探

为研究保卫细胞液泡(GCV)的pH在气孔保卫细胞渗透调节中的作用及蚕豆(Vicia faba)叶片气孔GCV中的颗粒物的性质,本实验采用激光共聚焦显微术配合pH荧光探针BCECF AM的荧光比值法对ABA诱导的气孔关闭过程进行观测,发现:蚕豆气孔关闭过程中GCV的pH升高约0.5(pH5.3→5.8)。分别用pH5.3和5.8的Mes/Tris缓冲液调控离体开放态GCV的pH,透射电镜(4×104倍)观察负染片说明:pH 5.3对开放态GCV液所含颗粒物的线度及分布密度无实质影响;而pH 5.8的处理使取自开放态GCV液所含颗粒物的线度明显增大、分布密度显著减小;非特异性蛋白酶Proteinase K处理可使GCV中的颗粒物消失。基于GCV内颗粒物的线度、形状及对pH调控和对Proteinase K处理的响应,推测此种颗粒物是蛋白质。