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81.
Vichi S Riu-Aumatell M Mora-Pons M Buxaderas S López-Tamames E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10154-10160
A HS-SPME method coupled to GC-MS was developed and applied for the qualitative and semiquantitative characterization of distilled gin volatile fraction. Sampling, chromatographic conditions, and method performances were evaluated, and the developed method was applied as a comparative study of some of the most popular commercial London Dry Gins and other gins with geographic denominations. During this study, 70 components of the gins' volatile fraction were isolated, tentatively identified or identified by reference compounds. They were mainly represented by mono- and sesquiterpenic compounds, which were quantitatively determined. The comparative study of London Dry Gins and gins with geographical indication permitted clear differentiation between the gins with geographical indication and one of the London Dry Gins tested. 相似文献
82.
Stefania Dooms Spiros Papakostas Stefan Hoffman Daan Delbare Alexander Triantafyllidis Olav Vadstein Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(1):29-40
Many zooplanktonic organisms, like the cyclic parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera: Monogononta), are actually a complex of species and biotypes with a high degree of morphological similarity (i.e. cryptic species). Various phylogenetic studies with molecular markers (e.g. ITS1 and COI) on wild Brachionus populations described the presence of at least nine genetically divergent Brachionus species and biotypes. Because different studies found evidence that these cryptic species and biotypes differ significantly in ecological preferences and thus probably behave differently in response to rearing conditions in the hatchery, questions rise on the actual identity of the rotifer strains used in aquaculture, where Brachionus discrimination is still based on morphology. This study is a part of an investigation of the genetic make-up of strains used in hatcheries, aquaculture research institutes and laboratories, and describes the rapid and sensitive PCR-DGGE method for the detection of Brachionus species and biotypes based on nucleotide sequence variation within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Considerable genetic diversity was found, albeit smaller within hatcheries than within laboratories and aquaculture research institutes. All 16S haplotypes produced an unambiguous DGGE fingerprint out of which a database was constructed. 相似文献
83.
Reza Mohammadi Kouresh Nader Mahmoodi Reza Haghparast Stefania Grando Maryam Rahmanian Salvatore Ceccarelli 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(4):281-288
This study was carried out to identify superior barley genotypes for the rainfed areas of western Iran using a participatory
varietal selection (PVS) approach. Three field experiments were conducted in two randomly selected farmers’ fields and in
one rainfed research station in the 2006–07 cropping season with 69 genotypes (including one local and one improved check).
Several univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze qualitative (farmers’ scores) and quantitative (grain yield)
data. Individual farmers’ scores in each village were positively correlated, indicating that the farmers tended to discriminate
genotypes in similar fashion, although the genotypes actually selected by farmers were different in the two villages. In recent
years, a greater number of farmers in western Iran preferred the improved variety (Sararood-1) over the local barley (Mahali),
while in this project the farmers preferred the new genotypes over the two checks. This was also verified by the quantitative
data showing that the checks were outyielded by the new genotypes. Farmers were efficient in identifying the best genotypes
for their specific environment, as shown by biplot analysis, indicating their competence in selection. The genotypes selected
by the breeder and farmers were almost similar but some differences existed. In conclusion, PVS is a powerful way to involve
farmers for selecting and testing new cultivars that are adapted to their needs, systems and environments. 相似文献
84.
Effects of a selection of additives on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and in situ and in vivo NDF digestibility 下载免费PDF全文
Mario Pirondini Stefania Colombini Luca Malagutti Luca Rapetti Gianluca Galassi Raffaella Zanchi Gianni Matteo Crovetto 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(1):59-68
The effects of 18 essential oils, yeast, Quebracho tannin and Quillaja saponin on ruminal methane and gas production (GP) were studied in vitro. A lactating cow diet was incubated with rumen inoculum. Doses of the additives (mg/L) were: essential oils = 500; tannin = 67; yeast = 8.35 and 16.7; and saponin = 300. Lemongrass, estragole, eugenol, geraniol, limonen, thyme oil and thymol produced less gas (overall mean 33.8 mL/200 mg dry matter (DM)) than control (43.6 mL/200 mg DM; P < 0.001). Methane produced (mL/200 mg DM) by guaiacol (10.7), lemongrass (9.6), limonene (11.4), thyme oil (10.9) and thymol (2.1) was lower than control (12.5) (P < 0.001). Methane percentage on total GP was lower (P < 0.001) for cinnamic alcohol (25.4), guaiacol (24.5), thymol (19.7) and vanillin (26.3) than control (28.8). In a second experiment, thymol, guaiacol and yeast were added to the diet of dry fistulated cows to determine in situ neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of six forages and in vivo dietary NDFD. Thymol and yeast decreased in situ NDFD after 24 h (33.9% and 33.5% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.008). Thymol decreased in vivo total tract NDFD (40.8% vs. 51.4%; P = 0.02). Differences in GP and methane levels were registered within classes of additives. A careful selection of additives may allow for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. 相似文献
85.
Karsak M Gaffal E Date R Wang-Eckhardt L Rehnelt J Petrosino S Starowicz K Steuder R Schlicker E Cravatt B Mechoulam R Buettner R Werner S Di Marzo V Tüting T Zimmer A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5830):1494-1497
Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 5% of men and 11% of women in industrialized countries and is one of the leading causes for occupational diseases. In an animal model for cutaneous contact hypersensitivity, we show that mice lacking both known cannabinoid receptors display exacerbated allergic inflammation. In contrast, fatty acid amide hydrolase-deficient mice, which have increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, displayed reduced allergic responses in the skin. Cannabinoid receptor antagonists exacerbated allergic inflammation, whereas receptor agonists attenuated inflammation. These results demonstrate a protective role of the endocannabinoid system in contact allergy in the skin and suggest a target for therapeutic intervention. 相似文献
86.
Seu R Phillips RJ Alberti G Biccari D Bonaventura F Bortone M Calabrese D Campbell BA Cartacci M Carter LM Catallo C Croce A Croci R Cutigni M Di Placido A Dinardo S Federico C Flamini E Fois F Frigeri A Fuga O Giacomoni E Gim Y Guelfi M Holt JW Kofman W Leuschen CJ Marinangeli L Marras P Masdea A Mattei S Mecozzi R Milkovich SM Morlupi A Mouginot J Orosei R Papa C Paternò T Persi del Marmo P Pettinelli E Pica G Picardi G Plaut JJ Provenziani M Putzig NE Russo F Safaeinili A Salzillo G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5845):1715-1718
Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion. 相似文献
87.
Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oils against oxidative stress in human cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Manna C D'Angelo S Migliardi V Loffredi E Mazzoni O Morrica P Galletti P Zappia V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6521-6526
This paper reports the protective effect of the phenolic fraction extracted from extra virgin olive oils (OOPEs) against the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species in human erythrocytes and Caco-2 cells, employed as model systems. Pretreatment of cells with various OOPEs, indeed, provides a remarkable protection against oxidative damages: this effect was strictly dependent on the o-diphenolic content of the extracts. Moreover, the protective effects observable in cellular systems were compared with in vitro antioxidant properties, measured by using the FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assay; the reducing ability of OOPEs strictly parallels their o-phenolic content. The linear relationship demonstrated between biological effects and antioxidant capacity measured by the FRAP assay allows us to propose the use of this rapid colorimetric method in assessing and certifying the antioxidant power of extra virgin olive oil. 相似文献
88.
Chedia Guenaoui Stefania Mang Giovanni Figliuolo Mohamed Neffati 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(1):97-114
Allium ampeloprasum evolved as a complex of different cyto- and morpho-types widely distributed either in the wild or domesticated range of the Mediterranean regions. The assessment of genetic and phylogenetic relationships between Tunisian A. ampeloprasum and specimens from different origins and with variable degree of domestication can promote conservation and breeding. Minisatellite M13, microsatellite (GTG)5 and nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were used to assess DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity. M13 and (GTG)5 molecular markers efficiently discriminated A. ampeloprasum gene-pool from A. sativum. Geographic genetic patterns of variation of the wild gene-pool were not detected. However, domesticated A. ampeloprasum (great headed garlic, kurrat and leek) clustered consistently within the ampeloprasum group. A. sativum was found to be closer to A. ampeloprasum than A. fistulosum and A. schoenoprasum. A high number of single point mutations (SNPs) was recorded over the ITS1-2 spacer sequence. Most of these SNPs were heterozygous only in great headed garlic. It is inferred that heterozygosity played the major role in promoting great headed garlic domestication. Thus, great headed garlic adaptation to horticultural conditions along with its yield trait sizes are mainly associated to heterozygosity rather than to polyploidy. 相似文献
89.
Stefania Pinna Enrico Pizzuti Fabio Carli 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(2):185-191
This study was conducted to assess the effects of femoral varus osteotomy on joint congruency in dogs affected by early stage hip dysplasia. Preoperative planning to move the femoral head within the acetabulum was carried out. Varisation of the femoral inclination angle (fIA) was achieved by Intertrochanteric Osteotomy (ITO). Norberg angle (NA), percent coverage (PC) of the femoral head by the acetabulum and fIA was measured from preoperative, immediate postoperative and first and second recheck radiographs of seven dogs that underwent an ITO (joint n = 9). There was significant (p < 0.05) improvement of both NA and PC in all patients as indicated by a change in the mean ± standard deviation of 78.9° ± 7.5 and 36.9% ± 5.2 to 92.2° ± 6.7 and 50.6% ± 8.3, respectively. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the values of the planned femoral inclination angle (pfIA) of the femur and the effective femoral inclination angle (efIA) obtained after surgery (115.9° ± 2.5 and 111.3° ± 6.4, respectively). These findings could encourage the use of ITO in veterinary practice and indicate that intertrochanteric varus osteotomy should be re-considered for the treatment of early stage hip dysplasia in dogs with radiological signs of joint incongruency. 相似文献
90.
Palermo M Paradiso R De Pascale S Fogliano V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(1):250-255
Hydroponic cultivation allows the control of environmental conditions, saves irrigation water, increases productivity, and prevents plant infections. The use of this technique for large commodities such as soybean is not a relevant issue on fertile soils, but hydroponic soybean cultivation could provide proteins and oil in adverse environmental conditions. In this paper, the compositions of four cultivars of soybean seeds and their derivates, soy milk and okara, grown hydroponically were compared to that of the same cultivar obtained from soil cultivation in an open field. Besides proximal composition, the concentrations of phytic acid and isoflavones were monitored in the seeds, soy milk, and okara. Results demonstrated that, independent from the cultivar, hydroponic compared to soil cultivation promoted the accumulation of fats (from 17.37 to 21.94 g/100 g dry matter) and total dietary fiber (from 21.67 to 28.46 g/100 g dry matter) and reduced isoflavones concentration (from 17.04 to 7.66 mg/kg dry matter), whereas protein concentration was unaffected. The differences found in seed composition were confirmed in the respective okara products, but the effect of cultivation system was not significant looking at the soy milk composition. Data showed that hydroponic cultivation improved the nutritional quality of soybean seeds with regard to fats and dietary fiber. They also suggest that specific cultivars should be selected to obtain the desired nutritional features of the soybean raw material depending on its final destination. 相似文献