甘草渣中碱木质素的提取工艺研究

采用一般碱法从甘草渣中提取木质素,以水浴温度、恒温时间、碱液用量、碱液浓度为因素,进行正交试验,确定了其最佳提取工艺条件为:水浴温度40℃、恒温时间2.5h、碱液浓度0.8mol/L、碱液用量30 mL/g,木质素的提取率为4.88％.碱木质素的总羟基、酚羟基和醇羟基含量分别为5.43％、3.18％、2.43％.     

深水网箱选址初步研究

为给深水网箱的合理选址提供参考,初步研究了网箱拟养海区需具备的环境条件、水质要求、网箱设施的安全性及养殖鱼类的适应性等。结果表明,深水网箱的选址应符合法律法规,以不破坏环境及其它产业的发展、同时又能取得较好效益为原则。在确定深水网箱养殖区域前,应进行海区初选、拟养海区的水文环境调查、当地的社会经济和生态调查,结合网箱类型和养殖品种,以网箱设施安全性、养殖鱼类适应性以及网箱养殖经济实用性和规划合理性等方面的综合论证为基础,分析拟养海区的利弊因素,综合平衡后确定养殖海区。     

驻马店小麦条锈病发生气象指数预报方法探讨

小麦条锈病是河南省驻马店市小麦生产中的主要病害之一,历史上曾多次造成小麦严重减产。在分析小麦条锈病发病及流行特征的基础上,应用统计方法建立了条锈病病发气象指数预报气候模型和指数预测方程,并连续2a准确作出病发气象指数预报,为植保部门正确作出病害流行趋势预测预报提供了科学依据。     

牛初乳中活性物质IgG含量分析

通过对产犊后前四天内牛初乳活性物质(IgG)含量的检测，分析牛初乳中活性物质的变化规律及冻结、巴氏杀菌对其影响。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区水质分析

为了对天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区进行水质环境分析,2012年4月、9月和2013年5月、9月分别对该特别保护区海域进行了4个航次的水质环境调查,并通过单项水质评价法、海水营养指数评价法、有机污染综合指数法等对该特别保护区海域的水质进行质量分析。调查数据表明,该保护区海水受无机氮污染严重,4个航次无机氮污染指数均大于1;海水营养指数分布范围为1．60～93．76,平均值为14．58,处于重度富营养状态;有机污染指数分布范围为0．96～6．58,平均值为2．76,处于3级轻度污染状态。结果表明,无机氮为该海域主要污染因子,富营养化及有机污染情况严重并呈增加趋势。目前保护区已经建立,但对于保护区的治理有待进一步开展,还需对该保护区进行长期的监测与科学研究。     

壳聚糖对大豆蛋白发酵液的絮凝研究

对用壳聚糖絮凝大豆蛋白发酵液进行研究,讨论pH值、絮凝剂浓度、温度和搅拌时间对絮凝效果的影响,结果是壳聚糖用量200 mg/L、pH值为4、搅拌12 min、温度30℃时效果最好.     

Generation of Salmonella ghost cells expressing fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evaluation of their antigenicity in a murine model

Salmonella Typhimurium ghost cells expressing K88ab, K88ac, K99, and FasA fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in their envelopes were constructed. The genes encoding the fimbriae were individually cloned into an expression plasmid, pMMP81, carrying the asd gene, which was subsequently electroporated into the Δasd S. Typhimurium mutant. Plasmid pJHLP99, carrying the phiX174 lysis gene E, was also subsequently electroporated into the Salmonella mutant. The presence of the individual fimbriae on the ghost cells was examined by Western blot analysis. Forty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 2 groups of 20 mice each. Group A mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with a mixture of the 4 ghost cells expressing the individual fimbriae. The group B mice were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as a control. The antigen-specific serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B from week 2 until week 6 after inoculation. In addition, the antigen-specific IgA concentrations in fecal samples were significantly higher in group A than in group B at week 2 after inoculation. A large difference between the groups in the number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine was observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, the splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly greater in group A than in the control mice. These results suggest that vaccination with our Salmonella ghost cells can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and that the increased number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine may be correlated with the elevated fecal IgA immune response.     

The dynamics of bacterial community in a polyculture aquaculture system of Penaeus chinensis,Rhopilema esculenta and Sinonovacula constricta

Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management.