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41.
Katrine M. Paulsen Carlos G. das Neves Erik G. Granquist Knut Madslien Snorre Stuen Benedikte N. Pedersen Rose Vikse Mara Rocchi Ellie Laming Karin Stiasny shild K. Andreassen 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(4):342-351
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV is one of the most important neurological pathogens transmitted by tick bites in Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate the seroprevalence of TBE antibodies in cervids in Norway and the possible emergence of new foci, and furthermore to evaluate if cervids can function as sentinel animals for the distribution of TBEV in the country. Serum samples from 286 moose, 148 roe deer, 140 red deer and 83 reindeer from all over Norway were collected and screened for TBE immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with a modified commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by TBEV serum neutralisation test (SNT). The overall seroprevalence against the TBEV complex in the cervid specimens from Norway was 4.6%. The highest number of seropositive cervids was found in south‐eastern Norway, but seropositive cervids were also detected in southern‐ and central Norway. Antibodies against TBEV detected by SNT were present in 9.4% of the moose samples, 1.4% in red deer, 0.7% in roe deer, and nil in reindeer. The majority of the positive samples in our study originated from areas where human cases of TBE have been reported in Norway. The study is the first comprehensive screening of cervid species in Norway for antibodies to TBEV, and shows that cervids are useful sentinel animals to indicate TBEV occurrence, as supplement to studies in ticks. Furthermore, the results indicate that TBEV might be spreading northwards in Norway. This information may be of relevance for public health considerations and supports previous findings of TBEV in ticks in Norway. 相似文献
42.
Atle VM Domke Christophe Chartier Bj?rn Gjerde Nils Leine Synn?ve Vatn Olav ?ster?s Snorre Stuen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):29
Background
Anthelmintic treatment is the most common way of controlling nematode infections in ruminants. However, several countries have reported anthelmintic resistance (AR), representing a limitation for sustainable small ruminant production. The knowledge regarding worm control management represents a baseline to develop a guideline for preventing AR. The aim of the present study was therefore to improve our knowledge about the worm control practices in small ruminant flocks in Norway.Methods
A questionnaire survey regarding worm control practices was performed in small ruminant flocks in Norway. Flocks were selected from the three main areas of small ruminant farming, i.e. the coastal, inland and northern areas. A total of 825 questionnaires, comprising 587 sheep flocks (return rate of 51.3%) and 238 goat flocks (52.6%) were included.Results
The results indicated that visual appraisal of individual weight was the most common means of estimating the anthelmintic dose used in sheep (78.6%) and goat (85.1%) flocks. The mean yearly drenching rate in lambs and ewes were 2.5 ± 1.7 and 1.9 ± 1.1, respectively, whereas it was 1.0 (once a year) in goats. However, these figures were higher in sheep in the coastal area with a rate of 3.4 and 2.2 in lambs and ewes, respectively. Benzimidazoles were the predominant anthelmintic class used in sheep flocks (64.9% in 2007), whereas benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones were both equally used in dairy goat flocks. In the period of 2005-2007, 46.3% of the sheep flocks never changed the anthelmintic class. The dose and move strategy was practiced in 33.2% of the sheep flocks.Conclusions
The present study showed that inaccurate weight calculation gives a risk of under-dosing in over 90% of the sheep and goat flocks in Norway. Taken together with a high treatment frequency in lambs, a lack of anthelmintic class rotation and the common use of a dose-and-move strategy, a real danger for development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) seems to exist in Norwegian sheep and goat flocks. This risk seems particularly high in coastal areas where high treatment frequencies in lambs were recorded. 相似文献43.
A M Bakke‐McKellep C McL Press G Baeverfjord
Krogdahl T Landsverk 《Journal of fish diseases》2000,23(2):115-127
Extracted soybean meal (SBM) in the diet for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., causes an inflammatory response in the distal intestine. The morphological changes of the epithelial cells and a characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate of the distal intestinal mucosa were studied using a panel of enzyme and immunohistochemical markers. The salmon (average body weight 927 g) used in the study were fed either a fishmeal‐based diet (control diet) or a diet in which 30% of the fishmeal protein was replaced with SBM protein (SBM diet). In salmon fed SBM, there were markedly reduced enzyme reactivities in the distal intestinal epithelial cells, both in the brush border [5′‐nucleotidase (5′N), Mg2+‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)] and in the intracellular structures [alkaline and acid phosphatase, non‐specific esterase (NSE) and alanine aminopeptidase (AAP)]. There appeared to be an increased presence of cells of monocytic lineage, including macrophages, as well as neutrophilic granulocytes and immunoglobulin (Ig) M in the lamina propria of the SBM‐fed fish. The mid intestine showed little response to the diet. The results suggest that toxic/antigenic component(s) of SBM affect the differentiation of the distal intestinal epithelial cells and may help explain the reduced nutrient digestibilities previously reported in salmonids fed extracted SBM. 相似文献
44.
Effects of diet supplementation of soya‐saponins,isoflavones and phytosterols on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar,L) fry fed from start‐feeding 下载免费PDF全文
A 14‐week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of antinutritional factors (ANFs) commonly present in soybean ingredients, singly and in combination, on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed from start‐feeding. The experimental diets consisted of a negative control fish meal diet (FM), and a positive control diet with 167 g kg?1 soybean meal inclusion (SBM) and four diets based on the FM diet supplemented with 2 g kg?1 soya‐saponins (SAP), 1.5 g kg?1 isoflavones (IFL), 0.3 g kg?1 phytosterols (PHS) or a mixture of these (MIX). Fish fed the SAP diet showed significantly higher growth performance than those fed FM, while the IFL treatment significantly decreased growth performance of salmon fry. Fish fed the IFL diet had significantly lower maltase activity and higher trypsin activity in proximal intestine than fish fed the FM diet. Histological differences were observed in the liver of fish fed the IFL diet, characterized by reduced size of the hepatocytes. Fish fed the PHS and IFL diets showed the highest frequencies of skeletal deformities among the six treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that purified isoflavones may negatively affect growth performance, intestinal function, liver metabolism and bone formation of salmon fry. 相似文献
45.
46.
Snorre Stuen J?rg MD Enemark Karin Artursson Bent Nielsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):31
Backgroud
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) causes the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and has for decades been one of the main scourges for the sheep industry in the coastal areas of Norway. Current control strategies are based on reduction of tick infestation by chemical acaricides.Methods
In the present study, we investigated if frequent pour-on applications of pyrethroids would reduce tick infestion rate and seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sheep. Forty lambs, one month old, of the Norwegian White Sheep breed were used. The lambs belonged to the experimental sheep flock at the Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences. None of the lambs had been on I. ricinus infested pasture before turnout (day 0). All lambs were twins and twenty lambs were treated with a pour-on pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer A/S, DK-2300) with a dose of 5 ml on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 128. Twenty lambs were untreated controls. The lambs were collected every fourteen days on pasture for treatment. In addition, the lambs were examined for ticks, blood sampled, weighed, and rectal temperature was recorded.Results and conclusion
A significant reduction in tick infestion rate was detected on treated lambs. However, the present results indicate that frequent acaricide treatment does not reduce the seroprevalence to A. phagocytophilum on tick-infested pasture. 相似文献47.
The effects on growth, asexual and sexual reproduction of different Aphanomyces species by the new fungicide ampropylfos ((RS)-1-aminopropylphosphonic acid) were tested using highly synchronized cultures. Ampropylfos reduced mycelial growth in Aphanomyces astaci, A. euteiches and A. stellatus. The fungicide was found to reduce zoospore numbers in all Aphanomyces species tested except A. euteiches. In one species, A. stellatus, zoospore production was inhibited at much lower fungicide concentrations than in the other species tested. In the pea pathogen A. euteiches, ampropylfos reduced the number of oospores, whereas the fungicide had little effect on asexual reproduction. 相似文献
48.
49.
Development of sediment quality criteria in Norway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Torgeir Bakke Torsten Källqvist Anders Ruus Gijs D. Breedveld Ketil Hylland 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(2):172-178
Introduction
A Norwegian system for classification of environmental quality of contaminated marine sediments has been in force since 1997 and was revised in 2007. 相似文献50.