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121.
Hydraulic resistance in plants is one of the most important factors responsible for changes in leaf water potential that is an indicator of plant water stress. Although the hydraulic resistance to passive water transport (Rpa) is a robust index in paddy rice (Oryza sativa), measurement is both time-consuming and labour-intensive. Here, we describe on a quick method to measure hydraulic resistance to osmotic water transport (Ros) by measuring the xylem sap exudation rate and osmotic water potential. In a greenhouse experiment, Ros responded significantly to soil temperature, but under field conditions soil temperature varied considerably less than air temperature. In the field experiment, Ros of six rice cultivars at two growth stages was strongly positively correlated with Rpa. We conclude that measuring Ros could be used to evaluate root water transport capacity in paddy rice under conditions with adequate soil water. 相似文献
122.
We determined the effects of complete fishmeal (FM) replacement by alternative protein (soy protein concentrate, SPC) with guanosine monophosphate (GMP) supplementation on growth, digestibility, immunity, blood chemistry profile, and stress resistance of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. FM protein of a FM-based control diet (FM0) was replaced with 33.3 (FM33.3), 66.6 (FM66.7), and 100% (FM100) by SPC protein, and each replacement group was supplemented with 0.4% GMP to formulate four experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (4.8 g) for 56 days. Results demonstrated that fish fed diet group FM33.3 had the significantly highest final weight, weight gain-specific growth rate, and feed intake. Meanwhile, in comparison to control, growth performance and feed utilization did not significantly differ with 66.7% FM replacement by SPC with GMP supplementation. Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and lipid also followed a similar trend. All growth, feed utilization, and digestibility parameters were significantly lower in FM100 diet group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglycerides (TG) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing FM replacement level by SPC. Interestingly, total cholesterol level reduces with the increasing level of FM replacement by SPC with GMP supplementation. Fish fed FM0 diet group showed the best condition of both oxidative and freshwater stress resistance. Meanwhile, FM33.3 and FM66.7 diet groups showed acceptable conditions. Innate immune responses enhanced with the increasing FM replacement level by SPC with GMP supplementation. In conclusion, FM could be replaced ≤66.7% by SPC with GMP supplementation in diets for red sea bream without any adverse effects on fish performances. 相似文献
123.
Thi Hien BUI Khanh Thuan NGUYEN Shunsuke IKEUCHI Haruka YANAGAWA Yomogi SATO Thi Hong To TRAN Minato OKUMURA Takeshi NIWA Takahide TANIGUCHI Hideki HAYASHIDANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1790
From 2012 to 2021, prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents captured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was investigated twice a year to clarify the ecology of this pathogen in wild rodent populations. Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O8 was isolated from 13 (1.7%) of 755 wild rodents. The Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates harbored three virulent genes (ail, fyuA, and virF). This pathogen was isolated repeatedly from wild rodents in April 2015, 2016, and 2017, in June and November 2020, and in April 2021, which was 6 of 19 times of observations. All Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates showed the same PFGE patterns. These results indicated that the same clone of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 has been maintained in wild rodent populations in Fukushima Prefecture. Therefore, wild rodent populations contribute substantially to the continuous transmission of Y. enterocolitica O8 and its persistence in the ecosystem. This is the first report on the isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 in wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. 相似文献
124.
Serge Dossou Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa Saichiro Yokoyama Mohammed F. El Basuini Amr I. Zaineldin Kumbukani Mzengereza Amina Moss Mahmoud A. O. Dawood 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(2):508-517
The effect of rapeseed meal (RM) and Aspergillus oryzae fermented rapeseed meal (RM‐Koji) on red sea bream (Pagrus major) was examined. Three groups of fish (initial weight, 4.5 ± 0.02 g) were fed a basal diet (RM0) and two test diets where half of fishmeal was replaced by RM (RM50) and RM‐Koji (FRM50) for 56 days. The obtained results showed that fish fed RM0 and FRM50 exerted significantly higher growth performance, feed utilization and haemoglobin level but lower triglyceride and cholesterol than RM50 group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, except of antiprotease activity, all the immune parameters including lysozyme, respiratory burst (NBT) and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in fish fed RM0 and FRM50 diets compared to RM50 diet (p < 0.05). In addition, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen metabolites were significantly reduced in RM0 and FRM50 groups over RM50 group (p < 0.05). The present results suggest that fermented RM induced better growth performance and immune responses than feeding red sea bream with non‐fermented RM and both RM and RM‐Koji improved the antioxidative status of fish, making RM‐Koji an interesting candidate as a functional feed for aquatic animals. 相似文献
125.
Weilong Wang Manabu Ishikawa Shunsuke Koshio Saichiro Yokoyama Mahmoud A. O. Dawood Md. Sakhawat Hossain Amr I. Zaineldin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):946-958
A 56‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the interactive effects of chemically synthesized astaxanthin (Ax) and cholesterol (CHO) on the performances of kuruma shrimp juveniles. Six experimental diets containing 2 levels of Ax (0 and 0.6 g/kg diet) and 3 levels of CHO (0, 6 and 20 g/kg diet) were formulated in 2 × 3 factorial design. The results indicated that the interactions between dietary CHO and Ax were not significant on survival, growth performances, body proximate analysis, immune response and freshwater stress test. Significantly, better pigmentation performances and Ax contents of different parts of juveniles (whole body, muscle, carapace and head) were observed in higher Ax (Ax0.6)‐supplemented groups. Meanwhile, interactions of dietary Ax and CHO were also found on colour reading parameters and whole‐body Ax contents. In addition, juveniles fed with the diet containing Ax at 0.6 g/kg diet in addition to CHO at 0, 6 and 20 g/kg diet showed better performances on digestive enzyme activities (protease, lipase and amylase) of hepatopancreas than 0 g Ax/kg diet supplemented with CHO at 0, 6 and 20 g/kg diet. It was concluded that dietary Ax and CHO functioned interactively. 相似文献
126.
Roger Edward P. Mamauag Jian Gao Binh Thanh Nguyen Janice A. Ragaza Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa Saichiro Yokoyama 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(3):362-374
Growth trials for larvae and juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major, were conducted to elucidate the efficacy of two molecular forms of methionine; dl ‐methionine (dl ‐Met) and methionine dipeptide (Met‐Met). For the larvae experiment, five experimental diets were formulated and fed to fish (42 mg) for 30 days. A diet which has 15% soy protein isolate served as the control diet. Similarly, test diets supplemented with dl ‐Met and Met‐Met at 0.5%, which were either precoated by zein or intact, were also formulated. For the juvenile experiment, five experimental diets were formulated wherein the control diet contained 25% soy protein isolate. Test diets were supplemented with dl ‐Met and Met‐Met at 0.75%, which were either coated by carboxymethycellulose or intact and fed to juveniles (0.75 g) for 56 days. The results of two feeding trials showed both dl ‐Met and Met‐Met can be equally utilized by red sea bream larvae and juveniles. Coating the amino acid significantly improved both fish larval and juvenile growth performance. The development of digestive protease activity of larvae was significantly influenced by coating the amino acid, but the type of methionine was not a factor in changing the protease activity of larvae. 相似文献
127.
Arnauld S. M. Djissou Dogbè C. Adjahouinou Shunsuke Koshio Emile D. Fiogbe 《International Aquatic Research》2016,8(4):333-341
To completely replace the fish meal by a mixture of earthworm and maggot meals, experimental diets were tested during 42 days on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (40 % crude protein and 17.9 ± 0.3 kJ g?1) including the control diet (D1) based on fish meal, were formulated. All these diets satisfied the essential amino acids requirements of C. gariepinus fingerlings. These diets were tested on triplicate groups of 50 fishes (initial body weight: 3 ± 0.1 g) bred in tank (0.5 m3). The approximate ratios 2:5; 1:4; 1:12 and 0:1 between the earthworm meal and the maggot meal were used, respectively, to formulate four diets D2, D3, D4 and D5 without fish meal. After the feeding period, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed on growth, feed utilization between control diet (D1) and test diets (D2–D5). Fish fed earthworm- and maggot-based diets were grown better than those fed the control diet. Survival and feed utilization were not significantly affected by the ratio between earthworm meal and maggot meal in the test diets. Lipid content was higher in carcass and fillet of fishes fed earthworm- and maggot meals-based diets than that of those fed fish meal-based diet. This study indicates that when the ratio 2:5 between the earthworm meal and the maggot meal is used to entirely replace fish meal and the ratio lysine/arginine of the diet is inferior to 1, the growth performances and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings are improved. 相似文献
128.
Effect of choline chloride as an osmoregulator as well as its role in growth and the biochemical content of postlarval kuruma shrimp; Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) 下载免费PDF全文
A 45‐day feeding experiment was conducted to examine two levels of dietary choline chloride (CC) [0.6 and 1.2 g kg?1 CC] against control (0.0 g kg?1 CC) on the biological, biochemical composition and stress tolerance of postlarval (PL‐20) Marsupenaeus japonicus. The results showed improvements in some biochemical contents such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and methionine (Met) as 0.6 and 1.2 g kg?1 dietary CC significantly (P < 0.05) increased both PC and Met contents of shrimp carcass more than those of the control group. The results also showed that supplemental (0.6 g kg?1) choline could improve (P < 0.05) PC/PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) ratio. Growth parameters of the shrimp group that received 0.6/1.2 g kg?1 dietary CC showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement. In case of osmotic stress test, 0.6 g kg?1 supplemented CC level showed significantly (P < 0.05) longer LT‐50 (the lethal time needed to kill half of the population) than the other shrimp groups that received 0.0 and 1.2 g kg?1 dietary CC levels. This study showed the efficacy of 0.6 g kg?1 dietary choline to improve the osmotic tolerance of kuruma shrimp as well as growth, survival and biochemical contents of postlarval kuruma shrimp. 相似文献
129.
Akio Tago Saichiro Yokoyama Manabu Ishikawa Shunsuke Koshio 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(4):780-787
Eugenol, which has been used as an anesthetic for fish, was administered to Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (127 ± 50.8 g), by bath treatment at concentrations of 0.025, 0.125, and 0.25 mL/L seawater for 10 min and intramuscular injection at 40 μL/fish to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of eugenol in the plasma of Japanese flounder. In the bath treatment test, plasma eugenol concentration increased with increasing eugenol concentration up to 0.125 mL/L and reached steady state within 5 min. After a 10‐min bath treatment in 0.25 mL/L eugenol, plasma eugenol concentration was about 58.4 µg/mL. After transfer into running seawater, plasma eugenol concentration decreased biphasically with half‐lives of 0.0296 h (α‐phase) and 0.289 h (β‐phase). The AUC0000→0800 was about 16.5 µg h/mL. In administration by intramuscular injection, plasma eugenol concentration increased rapidly after administration and decreased biphasically with half‐lives of 0.0329 h (α‐phase) and 8.08 h (β‐phase). The AUC0000→0800 was about 52.5 µg h/mL. In both methods of administration, Japanese flounder with average weight of 127 g were effectively anesthetized when plasma eugenol concentrations were between 2.19 and 4.88 µg/mL. 相似文献
130.
Yoshihiko Hirayama Shunsuke Asano Ken’o Okayama Satoshi T. Ohki Motoaki Tojo 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(1):12-19
Colletotrichum fructicola is a major causal agent among anthracnose pathogens of strawberry in Nara, Japan. We hypothesized that a wide range of weeds growing in and around strawberry fields are inoculum sources of the disease and investigated their potential as hosts of C. fructicola. We also examined the influence of herbicide treatment on C. fructicola sporulation on weeds. The fungus was detected on 31 of 541 (5.7%) leaves sampled from 13 weed species from 2005 to 2008. The fungus was most frequently isolated from leaves of Amaranthus blitum with an isolation frequency of 17.9%; inoculation of A. blitum with the pathogen caused brown leaf spots. Other weeds such as Digitaria ciliaris, Galinsoga ciliata, Solidago altissima, Erigeron annuus, and Sonchus oleraceus were found to harbor the fungus at lower rates (4.3–8.1%) without symptoms. C. fructicola formed acervuli on leaves of A. blitum, D. ciliaris, and S. oleraceus after plants were killed by a herbicide (glyphosate). These results demonstrated that infected weeds associated with strawberry cultivation are potential inoculum sources of C. fructicola, especially after herbicide treatment. 相似文献