Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.     

复合酸溶浸桑枝异槲皮苷的酸解效应

[目的]研究磷钨杂多酸复合酸催化溶浸桑枝异槲皮苷的适宜条件及其酸解作用,为提高桑枝异槲皮苷提取率和桑资源高值利用提供理论依据.[方法]选用磷钨杂多酸与磷酸的复合酸水热反应催化溶浸桑枝异槲皮苷,以异槲皮苷溶浸量为评价指标,采用均匀设计法优化获得复合酸溶浸桑枝异槲皮苷的适宜参数;结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析桑枝底物形貌及表面官能团变化,解析复合酸催化效应及异槲皮苷溶浸动力学.[结果]投加磷钨杂多酸与磷酸的磷(P)摩尔质量比为0.42:1的复合酸327.55 mg,于165℃下水热反应100 min后,0.5000 g桑枝可溶浸异槲皮苷5.962 mg/g、多糖0.430 g/g,分别是未投加复合酸浸提时的3.17和12.29倍;反应温度和反应时间对异槲皮苷溶浸量影响极显著(P<0.01),复合酸中P摩尔质量比影响次之;FTIR测定图谱中C=C键和C-O键明显减弱,SEM扫描图谱中组织间孔隙变大,出现密集且不规整孔洞,植物组织浊蚀现象明显;异槲皮苷溶浸符合Fick第二定律的一级动力学模型,且溶浸速率常数K随反应温度的升高而增大,在反应温度为165℃时,异槲皮苷最大溶浸量为5.935 mg/g,与试验值相接近.[结论]复合酸溶浸桑枝异槲皮苷方法可行,升高反应温度可提高且加快异槲皮苷溶出,为桑资源高值利用提供新途径.     

不同收获期对玉米产量的影响及气象因素分析

为了探讨玉米适宜的收获期,对聊城地区玉米主栽品种郑单958、登海605和鲁单818乳熟期至完熟期千粒重变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:该地区不同年度气候条件下玉米收获期变化较大。2012年每晚收1d千粒重增加4.76g,普通大田平均1d增产106.05kg/hm2;2013年每晚收1 d千粒重增加3.18 g,普通大田平均1 d增产70.80 kg/hm2。     

硅肥对水稻产量、品质及抗倒伏特性的影响

研究不同硅肥对宁化河龙贡米产量、品质和抗倒伏性状的影响,以期为宁化河龙贡米的可持续稳定发展提供技术支撑。以‘玉针香’为试验材料,设置3个不同硅肥处理[森夫硅肥(S1)、蔡德龙ETDA硅肥(S2)、不施硅肥（S0,对照）],调查不同硅肥处理对‘玉针香’产量形成、品质及茎秆形态和力学特征相关性状的影响。结果表明,施用S1处理森夫硅肥和S2处理蔡德龙ETDA硅肥比对照不施硅肥‘玉针香’产量高,分别提高2.82%和4.83%,有效穗数较对照增加11.57%和13.74%;整精米率较对照增加7.48%和13.07%;植株形态特征（株高、茎粗、茎壁厚度、叶片长度和宽度）没有明显影响,植株抗推力增加了18.31%和3.82%。施用硅肥能够一定程度上提高水稻产量、改善品质、提高抗倒伏能力,但不同硅肥类型对水稻的促进效应存在差异,S1处理对水稻的综合影响最大,可为河龙贡米高产栽培提供参考。     

一起猪群腹泻的紧急流行病学调查

2020年1月3日,某猪场部分生猪出现腹泻症状,3 d后达发病高峰,波及全场,并伴有部分生猪死亡,袭击率为60.66%,病死率为6.88%。为探寻病因,采取现场调查与实验室检测相结合的方式,对此次猪群腹泻进行了调查,综合推断此次暴发是由大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌引起的细菌性腹泻及由应激因素引起的应激性腹泻,饮入污水、断水应激、寒冷应激是导致本次猪群腹泻的主要原因。据此,提出了拌料饲喂抗生素、清洗消毒圈舍和饮水设施、强化饲养管理等干预措施,并有效控制了疫情。调查提示,加强饲养管理,减少寒冷、缺水引起的应激,保持清洁饮水,对预防猪群腹泻具有十分重要的意义。     

甜菜应答盐胁迫PUB基因的生物信息学分析

旨在为研究甜菜U-box型E3泛素连接酶提供理论基础。以甜菜T710-Mu品系为试验材料,前期通过转录组数据获得在盐胁迫下差异表达的甜菜PUB基因(plant U-box gene),利用生物信息学的方法对这些PUB基因进行分析,主要包括理化性质分析、染色体定位分析、基因序列分析、结构域分析、家族分类分析以及互作蛋白预测。结果显示甜菜PUB基因在甜菜9条染色体上均有定位,并且包含PUB蛋白具有的多个保守结构域,如U-box,Pkinase、Pkinase-Tyr、Usp、Arm以及KAP结构域,以拟南芥U-box家族分类为依据发现甜菜U-box多位于ClassⅡ、ClassⅢ、ClassⅣ中,甜菜PUB蛋白可作为E3泛素连接酶与多种功能蛋白相互作用,实现泛素化修饰。植物PUB蛋白具有E3泛素连接酶活性,在植物生长发育过程以及抵抗环境压力中起到重要作用。     

杨树组织特异性强启动子的筛选

为了筛选到具有木质部组织特异性并有较强功能的启动子，将河北林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室前期已获得的MDCesA启动子、JCesAP启动子、DMDCesAP启动子（含2个串联MDCesAP启动子）融合GUS报告基因的pMDCesAP-GUS、pJCesAP-GUS、pDMDCesAP-GUS这3个植物表达载体，通过农杆菌介导转化杨树，对转化后的杨树进行GUS活性的定性及荧光定量检测，以比较3个启动子在转基因植物中的表达能力和水平。筛选到的组织特异启动子与抗天牛基因融合，将提高毒蛋白在相应部位的表达量，这对天牛类蛀干害虫的防治具有重大意义。     

Effect of Plasticizers on Properties of Rice Straw Fiber Film

In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation, bursting strength and tearing strength were chosen as indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the means of dry tension strength, dry elongation and bursting strength of different plasticizers; there were not significant differences among the means of wet tension strength, wet elongation and tearing strength of different plasticizers; for dry tension strength and elongation, glycerol had a significant difference with sorbitol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between sorbitol and PEG, dry tension strength added glycerol had been reduced 6.8% compared with that added sorbitol, reduced 9.5% compared with that added PEG; elongation had been improved 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively; for bursting strength, sorbitol had a significant difference with glycerol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between glycerol and PEG; bursting strength added glycerol and added PEG had been improved 6.9% and 5.6%, respectively compared with that of the added sorbitol. The results provided a theoretical reference for further improving the straw fiber film manufacturing process.     

三黄连散预防罗非鱼链球菌病临床应用研究

在开展三黄连散对人工感染罗非鱼无乳链球菌病预防效果研究的基础上,进一步验证以每千克饲料中添加13.2 g的三黄连散为推荐剂量,在生产中大面积应用的临床效果及安全性。设立三黄连散试验组、中药对照组和空白对照组3个组,每组300尾罗非鱼,连续用药7 d后,每组随机取30尾,测定增重率、器官指数、血液生理生化指标和肝脏抗氧化指标。用药后第8天,采用同居感染的方法感染鱼群,于感染后第14天计算保护率。结果表明,给药7 d后,与空白对照组相比,三黄连散试验组罗非鱼的增重率明显提高,器官指数和多项肝脏抗氧化指标均明显升高,血液生理生化指标总体无明显异常,预防无乳链球菌感染的保护率为43.67%。综上提示,三黄连散能够提高罗非鱼机体抵抗力,降低无乳链球菌感染罗非鱼的死亡率。     

禽肾炎病毒与鸡细小病毒双重PCR检测方法的建立

为了同时检测禽肾炎病毒(avian nephritis virus,ANV)和鸡细小病毒(chicken parvovirus,ChPV),根据GenBank中ANV的ORF基因和ChPV的NS1基因的保守序列,设计筛选了扩增片段大小分别为511 bp和242 bp的特异性引物,通过反应条件优化、特异性和敏感性试验,建立了一种双重PCR检测方法。该方法最佳引物比例为ANV上下引物各0.4μL(20 mol/L),ChPV上下引物各0.6μL(20 mol/L);最佳退火温度为53.8℃;灵敏度可达到55 fg(ANV)和58 fg(ChPV);对常见鸡病病原体进行检测,结果全为阴性。本研究建立的PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、稳定的优点,可用于同时鉴别诊断ANV和ChPV的混合感染。