马铃薯金线虫和白线虫DNA特异扩增产物的克隆与鉴定

通过采用Fullaondo（1999）研究的特异引物检测方法,对来自英国和比利时的两个马铃薯金线虫（Globodera rostochiensis）种群和英国的一个马铃薯白线虫（G.pallida）种群的DNA进行扩增,其产物以大肠杆菌（Eschetichia coli）为受体菌,经过连接、转化和克隆纯化,筛选获得阳性克隆.经PCR鉴定和测序,英国和比利时的马铃薯金线虫种群的特异性谱带分别是357bp和350bp,而英国的马铃薯白线虫的谱带是782bp,与Fullaondo等人研究报道结果基本相符,从而鉴别出来自不同地理种群的马铃薯金线虫和白线虫.     

Computer image analysis of intramuscular adipocytes and marbling in the longissimus muscle of cattle

The deposition of fat in muscle, recognized by the consumer as marbling, is an important meat quality trait. The objective of the study was to provide additional insights into the quantitative extent of marbling by means of computer image analysis. Fifty-one F(2) generation German Holstein and Charolais crossbreed cattle, 18 mo of age, were used to determine relationships among marbling traits, adipocyte size, and the amount of adipose tissue in different depots. Differences were recorded among the size of i.m. adipocytes in different groups of marbling flecks, divided according to the location in the muscle cross-section and to the size of the marbling flecks. The results showed positive correlation between i.m. adipocyte size and the weight of s.c. fat, intestinal fat, omental fat, and perirenal fat (r = 0.50, 0.61, 0.70, and 0.63, respectively, P < 0.001). The i.m. adipocyte size was correlated with i.m. fat content, number of marbling flecks, proportion of marbling fleck area, and total length of marbling flecks (r = 0.71, 0.44, 0.62, and 0.55, respectively, P < 0.01). The number of marbling flecks was also correlated with i.m. fat content, proportion of marbling fleck area, and total length of marbling flecks (r = 0.58, 0.62, and 0.91, P < 0.01, respectively). The ventral marbling flecks had a 5-fold larger fleck area, 4-fold more adipocytes, and larger adipocytes (P < 0.001). Larger marbling flecks contained larger adipocytes (P < 0.001). Moreover, compared with the small marbling flecks, there was a 48-fold larger fleck area and 26-fold more adipocytes in the large marbling flecks. The results indicate that i.m. fat deposition increases concurrently with the other fat depots but is still independent. Furthermore, the i.m. fat is preferentially deposited in the ventral area of LM. Although the i.m. adipocyte size has an important effect on the traits of marbling flecks, cell number plays a greater role in i.m. fat deposition than cell size.     

广西芒果日灼病受害情况调查及防治措施

为了掌握2012年广西南宁和百色地区芒果日灼病的发生受害情况,于4月29日、5月2日、5月8-11日和5月15-18日在南宁市、百色市右江区、田林县、田东县和西林县选择有代表性的果园,调查不同芒果品种幼果日灼病的受害率.调查结果表明:(1)南宁地区未发现果实受日灼病危害;右江河谷地区日灼病发生较为普遍,田东县、田林县、西林县、右江区和广西农垦国有阳圩农场的芒果日灼病受害率分别为22.2％ 、20.3％、22.8％、19.6％和20.4％.(2)不同品种受害率不同.‘台农1号芒,受害率最低,为12.0％;‘红贵妃’、‘桂热芒82号’和‘桂热芒71号’受害率较高,分别达到31.3％、29,6％和27.5％.针对春末夏初芒果幼果易遭高温日灼的问题,提出了果园灌水、生草、播种绿肥等降低日灼病发生的预防措施.     

巴旦杏在甘肃河西地区引种培育问题的探讨

该文通过分析巴旦杏在甘肃河西地区引种培育过程中出现的问题,总结出用容器育苗和大田开沟点播相结合来培育接穗,以山桃为砧木嫁接巴旦杏的引种驯化技术.结果表明,容器培育接穗比直接大田点播出苗率、成活率分别提高了10%和15%;巴旦杏与山桃嫁接表现出极好的亲和性,嫁接成活率为90%.     

种衣剂中不同浓度杀虫剂成分对玉米苗期生长的安全性评价

选择克百威、丙硫克百威和丁硫克百威3种杀虫剂作为种衣剂有效杀虫成分,每种杀虫剂设置1%、2%、3%、…10%共10种浓度梯度,春天播种期进行玉米包衣播种,20 d后调查苗期植株的根长、根数、叶数和株高,验证3种杀虫剂不同浓度对玉米苗期的生长安全性。结果表明：在10%浓度以下,3种杀虫剂进行种子包衣处理,玉米苗期生长均未产生药害,植株生长正常。     

番木瓜遗传改良研究进展

就番木瓜的株性和抗病性等性状遗传、杂交育种、人工诱变育种、离体培养、分子标记及基因工程育种等现代生物新技术育种方面的研究进展及相关问题进行了评述,重点综述了番木瓜株性遗传、远缘杂交与胚胎学、基因工程在抗环斑型花叶病毒病(PRSV)品种培育及分子标记辅助选择育种应用的研究进展,并分析了今后番木瓜育种的发展趋势。     

The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表的研究

组建了美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表,应用排除控制指数分析方法,分析了影响种群动态的重要因子。结果表明,寄生蜂对3龄幼虫的寄生作用是影响种群动态诸多因子中最重要的因子,若排除所有天敌的作用,美洲斑潜蝇种群将比有天敌存在时增长5.1倍。     

我国动物疫病风险评估研究热点和趋势——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

为探究我国动物疫病传播风险评估的研究热点及趋势,以2000—2019年“中国知网”（CNKI）数据库收录的348篇动物疫病风险评估相关文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpace软件对文献进行时空分析和内容分析。时空分析显示,这20年间动物疫病风险评估文献数量呈现从少到多再减少的动态过程,各大研究机构合作较少。内容分析显示,研究热点主要涉及“风险评估”“风险分析”和“动物疫病防控”等方面。提示研究机构应加大动物疫病风险评估研究力度,加强各大研究机构间的合作,推进动物疫病风险评估的研究、分析、监管,完善预警机制,进一步提升我国动物疫病防控水平。本研究可为深化动物疫病风险评估研究、实践和预警提供参考。     

酒泉市动物产地检疫现状及对策

随着社会经济迅速发展,酒泉市动物及动物产品流通日益频繁,动物产地检疫极为重要。本文主要论述了酒泉市动物产地检疫的作用、意义、现状、存在的问题及解决对策和措施。