北虫草干燥特性与粉碎工艺试验

北虫草经过热风干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥后,利用图像处理技术分析干燥方法对表面积收缩率的影响,并结合干燥后北虫草的剪切和压碎力学特性,确定适宜粉碎的干燥方式;以通过200目标准检验筛的粉体质量分数为评价指标,通过分析干燥后北虫草的剪切粉碎和球磨粉碎工艺,确定北虫草的最优粉碎工艺参数。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥后的北虫草面积收缩率、剪切力和压碎力均最小,真空冷冻干燥为北虫草粉碎最适宜的干燥方法;剪切粉碎最优工艺参数为:粉碎时间3 min,物料填充率25%,物料含水率3%,此时粉碎效率为68.5 g/h,耗电量为0.46 kW.h/kg;球磨粉碎最优工艺参数为:粉碎转速266 r/min,粉碎时间60 min,介质填充率23%,物料填充率15%,此时粉碎效率为36.5 g/h,耗电量为2 kW.h/kg。     

燕麦与箭薚豌豆不同混作模式对根际土壤微生物数量的影响

 本试验以燕麦与箭薚豌豆不同种植模式的根际土壤为对象,对其土壤微生物数量进行了初步研究。结果表明,根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量在燕麦拔节孕穗期较低,开花期较高,随着生育进程的推进至成熟收获期数量呈逐渐减少的趋势。在不同生育期,间混作处理比单作燕麦显著提高了根际土壤细菌数量（P＜０．０５）。收获期土壤微生物以细菌占绝大多数,其中间作混播根际土壤细菌数量是单作燕麦的１．１倍左右,单作箭薚碗豆是单作燕麦根际土壤细菌数量的１．３倍;土壤微生物总数量以燕麦与箭薚豌豆间作（１∶２）和燕麦与箭薚豌豆混播（１∶２）处理较高,单作燕麦最少。说明间作混播种植方式能起到提高根际土壤微生物数量的作用。     

Effects of Altitude Change on Nutritional Quality and Elymus nutans Regularity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to reveal the effects of different altitudes on the nutritional quality of wild forage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study used Elymus nutans as the tested plants to evaluate the changes of nutrient contents and the correlation between the nutrient contents and altitudes.Four sampling sites were set up at altitudes of 2 562,2 660,2 775 and 2 905 m with the vertical distance among each sampling point was about 100 m.The results showed that the crude protein,ash and phosphorus contents of Elymus nutans decreased significantly with an increase in altitudes.The crude protein contents decreased by 1.87 % with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude protein contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0187x+63.244 (R~2=0.9557)".The crude ash contents decreased by 1.77% with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude ash contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0177x+56.144 (R~2=0.978)".Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of altitudes,but the most obvious increase was at 2 775 m.The contents of crude fat and Ca did not change regularly with altitudes.     

Studies on Changes of the Relative Characteristics to the Special and Elite Cultivars of Mei Flower in Sun Yat sen Mausoleum

连续３ａ对‘晚碗宫粉’、‘多萼朱砂’、‘红须朱砂’、‘南京红须’、‘早宫粉’、‘淡妆宫粉’、‘复瓣早跳’、‘复瓣绿萼’８个特用优良品种定树观测结果表明,其花期相对集中在２月下旬,品种间开花速率的变化较大,变异系数为５２１５％～１２８８２％．枝的始花节位、花朵重、花瓣数、雌蕊数、雄蕊数变异较大,变异系数分别为４３６９％,１７８０％,４０８７％,４４６６％和２８５４％．不同品种间花径、平均节间长度变异较小,变异系数分别为７７２％和７７４％．花朵重主要决定于花瓣数,两者具极显著的相关回归．最后讨论了选育特用优良品种的指标及其途径     

Effects of feeding levels on growth performance,feed utilization,body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day^?1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day^?1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day^?1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day^?1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day^?1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish^?1 day^?1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day^?1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day^?1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day^?1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day^?1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day^?1 and 0.45% bw day^?1 respectively.     

茶籽提取物对生长猪生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响

试验选用体重相近([31.03±2.13)kg]的长×大健康阉公猪20头,按照体重随机分为2个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头,采用FIRE全自动生长性能测定系统对试验猪生长性能进行精确化测定,用茶籽提取物和抗生素进行饲养对比试验,试验期48d。其中抗生素组为基础日粮添加120mg/kg的吉他霉素(50%),试验组为基础日粮添加600mg/kg的茶籽提取物。结果表明:与抗生素组相比,茶籽提取物组生长猪的平均日增重提高了4.7%,平均日采食量提高了4.5%,料重比降低了4.2%;血清超氧化物歧化酶活力提高了9.9%,总抗氧化能力提高了13.1%,丙二醛含量降低了4.8%。试验提示,生长猪日粮中用600mg/kg的茶籽提取物取代抗生素,生长猪的生长性能得到改善,抗氧化能力得到增强。     

不同药剂和不同施药方法防治农田灰巴蜗牛效果评价

一些蜗牛常栖息在高大植株上活动为害, 为探索其有效防治方法, 分别在玉米田及美国红枫( Acer rubrum L . )园选用5种杀软体动物剂进行喷雾法(在玉米田仅对植株喷雾、在美国红枫园对树体和地面喷雾)和撒粒法的防效对比试验。重复测量方差分析结果表明：26%四聚?杀螺胺悬浮剂1.125 L/hm2、45%三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂1.125 kg/hm2、70%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂0.75 kg/hm2、40%四聚乙醛悬浮剂1.125 L/hm2喷雾防治灰巴蜗牛( Bradybaena ravida )的效果均显著高于6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂7.5 kg/hm2地面撒粒的防效。不同药剂不同施用方法的防治效果随用药后时间的增加而降低。用药后第3天, 4种喷雾处理在美国红枫上的防效均在90%左右, 在玉米上的防效在80%左右。当蜗牛在高大的植株上栖息为害时, 可用上述药剂按750 L/hm2的药液用量对植株均匀喷雾, 必要时同时进行地面喷雾防效更佳。     

白僵菌可湿性粉剂的研制

以白僵菌孢子粉为原药,硅藻土为主要载体,通过单因素和正交设计筛选合适的润湿剂、分散剂等助剂配方比例,研制出性能优良的白僵菌可湿性粉剂。确定配方为：白僵菌分生孢子粉20%; NNO7%; 农乳32082%; 拉开粉5%; 十二烷基硫酸钠2%; 硅藻土加齐至100%。质量检测结果表明：该配方润湿时间<1min,悬浮率可达到75%以上,其他各项指标均符合可湿性粉剂的要求。     

新型植物源农药0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力测定及田间药效

0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂是湖北省农科院植保土肥所和内蒙古清源保生物科技有限公司联合创制的一种新颖的植物源杀菌剂,其化学结构式为1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基-6-甲基蒽醌。室内孢子萌发抑制试验结果表明,大黄素甲醚对黄瓜白粉病菌孢子萌发的抑制中浓度EC50为0.37μg/mL;田间药效试验结果表明,0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对黄瓜白粉病菌具有良好的保护和防治效果,有效成分用量18~45 g/hm2的防治效果明显高于15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂135 g/hm2的防效。