B-mode ultrasound examination of canine mammary gland neoplastic lesions of small size (diameter < 2 cm)

Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the evaluation of neoplastic lesions in the dog and there is a growing interest in the use of this technique for the stadiation of canine mammary tumours. An accurate assessment of small sized nodules facilitates the stadiation of the mammary lesions and helps the clinician in the choice of the most indicated surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to identify those ultrasound criteria that may be useful in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions of small size (diameter smaller than 2 cm). Sixty-two nodules, < 2 cm in larger diameter, belonging to thirty-five bitches presented between January 2012 and February 2014 were evaluated. Tumours were observed by conventional ultrasound and assessed for: shape (regular-irregular), limit (defined-ill-defined), margins (regular-irregular), echogenicity (hypoechoic-isoechoic-hyperecoic), echotexture (homogeneus-heterogeneus), presence of hyperecoic halo, distal acoustic enhancement or shadowing and surrounding tissue alterations. Among the alterations in surrounding tissues, the disruption of the glandular tissue and the increase in echogenicity of the peritumoral tissues were assessed. Thereafter, bitches were subjected to mastectomy and nodules were evaluated histologically. None of the ultasound criteria considered in the current study showed a statistically significant relation with malignancy, except for the presence of alterations in the tissue surrounding the nodules. According to our results, this characteristic may indicate malignancy, however its subjectivity may affect the applicability in clinical practice. In conclusions, conventional ultrasound in bitches had a limited ability in discriminating benign and malignant mammary gland neoplastic lesions of small size (diameter?<?2 cm).     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.     

Long-term study (2005–2010) on the vaccination with BoHV-1 glycoprotein E-deleted marker vaccine in selected two dairy herds in Turkey

A follow-up study from 2005 to 2010 was carried out in two herds where eradication programme for the bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) infection depends on the vaccination with inactivated glycoprotein E-deleted vaccine that was started in 2001 following the vaccination with inactivated conventional vaccine between 1999 and 2001. For serological screening, a total of 12,976 sera sampled over several sampling times approximately 6 months of interval during 5 years (2005–2010) were tested for glycoprotein E (gE)- and glycoprotein B-specific antibodies using ELISA. According to the serological evidence, the long-term persistence of BoHV-1 antibodies, success of marker vaccine, first vaccination time of the calves in herds regularly vaccinated, etc. were discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the vaccination programme using gE (?) marker vaccines, with making efforts to prevent the other factors about transmission of infection, was suggested for the eradication of BoHV-1 infection in Turkey as many EU countries. This is the first report on the BoHV-1 eradication programme in some dairy cattle in Turkey.     

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的初步定位

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不育系MS-GN-1A为母本,恢复系MS178为父本组合构建BSA分离群体,获得的F1代均表现为雄性可育,在大田种植了221株F2代群体单株,盛花期将花粉颗粒染色后,显微镜下观察统计出,不育的F2代株数为57,可育F2代株数164,并没有观察到半不育植株。将所有植株划分为可育和不育两组,并构建可育和不育DNA混池,混池DNA从可育和不育植株组DNA中各随机抽取20个样品,以此对恢复基因定位。随机挑选160对已知的四倍体苜蓿SSR引物扩增基因池DNA,获得2个具有多态性的分子标记,分别是Mt2c12、AW166,初步定位Rf基因在类群Composite5上。将类群Composite5上的所有引物进行合成,进一步进行引物筛选,最终获得4个具有多态性的标记BI68、Mt2c12、BG267和AW776153,遗传距离分别为19.0、20.9、44.6和72.1cM。     

2017年全球低致病性禽流感疫情分析

基于世界动物卫生组织（OIE）全球动物卫生信息系统的疫病报告数据统计,2017年全球共有10个国家或地区报告发生57起低致病性禽流感疫情,除大洋洲和南极洲外,其他4大洲均有疫情报告。报告发现的低致病性禽流感亚型包括H5N1、H5N2、H5N3、H5N6、H5N9、H7N3、H7N6和H7N9等多个亚型,其中H5N2亚型疫情数最多,报告20起。从时间分布上看,气温偏低的1—3月份报告的疫情数最多,共报告40起。从疫情发生场点类型看,绝大多数疫情发生在规模场。综合来看,2017年全球低致病性禽流感疫情呈散发态势,但流行亚型众多,应持续保持关注。     

土壤分析试剂量估算系统的设计与开发

通过对土壤试剂量估算过程中所涉及的土壤指标、试剂和药品等知识的分析和研究,利用计算机技术,开发了基于网络化的网络决策系统。阐述了土壤试剂量估算系统的体系结构,并对其主要功能模块和其实现进行了描述。     

不同产地烤烟细菌群落组成与结构研究

为研究不同产地C2F等级烤烟表面细菌微生物的组成和结构,利用高通量测序技术测试了6个不同产地的C2F等级烤烟在醇化初期烟叶表面可培养细菌的组成和结构。结果表明：6个不同产地的烟叶样品表面分别检测到55、39、33、26、24和15个OTU,其中6个烟叶样品共同的OTU为6个。在属分类水平上,大部分烟叶表面可培养的优势细菌微生物是芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）,部分烟叶表面活跃着肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）,伯克霍尔德菌属（Burkholderia）和罗尔斯通菌属（Ralstonia）。不同品种和产地的烤烟表面细菌结构具有明显差异,同一品种不同产地的烤烟表面细菌结构也存在明显差异。研究结果为利用细菌微生物醇化不同产区烟叶,提高烟叶品质、优化烟叶醇化流程提供理论依据。     

臭氧在大菱鲆亲鱼养殖回用水系统中的应用

以臭氧在大菱鲆亲鱼养殖回用水系统中的工程实例数据,分析臭氧在养殖水处理系统中的杀菌效果、脱除转化氨氮的效能。结果表明,臭氧在该工艺流程中杀菌率可达51．82％,对氨氮 亚硝酸氮的平均去除率达56．30％,这表明臭氧应用于工厂化养殖水处理中具有较好效果。     

煤矿塌陷地网箱生态养鳙试验报告

在未治理塌陷地水域,设置生态养鳙网箱52箱。使用生态养殖技术(不投饵),利用微生物制剂及人工诱导饵料生物技术,在25m~2网箱内放养鱼种300尾,其中鳙规格为165g／尾。经过137天的养殖,网箱平均单产19．72kg／m~2,其中鳙单产14．97kg／m~2,折合每667m~2产鳙9985kg。网箱平均产值达138．06元／m~2,净收入为99．66元／m~2,投入产出比为 1∶3．59。     

淡水池塘网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验报告

通过对漠斑牙鲆淡水池塘网箱养殖试验,掌握了该品种的生活习性,探索出漠斑牙鲆内陆地区淡水养殖模式,总结出养殖过程中应采取的技术措施。25m~2网箱总产漠斑牙鲆102．9 kg,平均单产4．12 kg/m~2,平均规格为306．25 g/尾,成活率达84%。