河北太行山区县域农业可持续发展能力系统评价与分析

【研究目的】为了研究河北省太行山区25个县(市、区)的农业可持续发展能力及趋势;【方法】笔者通过文献对比分析和专家调查法,确定了评价山区农业可持续发展能力的指标体系,涵括了人口、经济、社会、资源和环境五个层次,共计31个指标,以此对河北省太行山区25个县(市、区)农业可持续发展能力的评价分析;【结果】分析结果显示,该区农业发展趋势整体是可持续的,但25个县(市、区)的发展能力和发展速度表现各异,其总体评价值年增长率变化有强有弱,多年平均在0￣12%之间。农业可持续发展能力高的地区评价值年平均增长率为8%￣12%、发展能力中等地区评价值年平均增长率为4%￣8%、发展能力低下的地区评价值年平均增长率为0￣4%。【结论】发展能力高的地区,虽然对资源利用和环境的压力较大,但其社会、人口、经济的发展基本与生态环境协调共进;可持续发展能力低的地区,其社会、人口、经济的发展与资源环境发展不协调,而且对资源的利用效率低,对生态环境的破坏也比较大。     

河北太行山区农业系统协调度分析

通过文献对比分析法和专家调查法,确定了评价山区农业可持续发展能力的指标体系,涵括了人口、经济、社会、资源和环境5个层次,共计31个指标。在此基础上对河北太行山区1995—2003年农业系统协调度进行分析研究,结果显示:该区近10年来农业总系统的协调度在2000年以前是上升的趋势,系统的发展从不协调逐步走向协调;但2000年后,系统协调度不断下降,到2003年协调等级下降到4级,为低度失调状况。系统协调度的下降,表明该区系统发展的协调性不断减弱,这将影响该区的可持续发展。     

V·B草原毛虫生物防治剂的应用技术研究

本文针对草地特殊的自然环境条件以及V·B草原毛虫生物防治剂的一些特性，研究出一套适用于V·B草原毛虫生物防治剂大面积防治草原毛虫的技术，以每亩50ml，温度20℃左右时对三龄草原毛虫的防治效果达80％以上，能有效地防治草原毛虫。     

SSR标记遗传距离与杂交稻农艺性状一般配合力的相关性分析

利用SSR分子标记检测了15个杂交稻亲本间的遗传多样性和遗传距离,结合配合力试验分析了这些亲本间的遗传距离与产量相关主要农艺性状的一般配合力的相关性。结果筛选到35个多态性好的SSR标记,根据SSR标记检测数据,按UPGMA聚类方法将15个亲本分为不育系和恢复系两大类群,与这些亲本的恢保特性相符合。两类亲本间的平均遗传距离为0.4945,宜恢7633与Ⅱ-32A、明恢63与川香29A间的遗传距离最大(D=0.5485),宜恢3551与宜香1A、珍汕97A间的遗传距离最小(D=0.4360)。这些亲本NCII设计的配合力分析表明,产量相关的农艺性状多数受加性效应和非加性效应的共同控制,性状的一般配合力贡献率较大,但是单株产量的非加性效应作用更大。单株产量一般配合力较高的亲本是蜀恢527、川香29A和宜香1A,效应值分别为17.77、10.82和10.49。亲本间的平均遗传距离与主要性状的GCA效应值的相关系数为-0.15~0.15,有一定的相关性,但是都没有达显著水平,分子标记遗传距离与一般配合力的相关性还有待于进一步探讨。     

共同违法行为处罚原则运用

2016年6月,某动物卫生监督机构查获一起涉嫌违法经营依法应当检疫而未经检疫生猪案。经调查取证,认定张某和王某系本案共同责任人,但在"由谁承担罚款"问题上,执法人员意见不一。本文剖析共同违法行为的界定、处理判断原则,探求共同违法行为中,将个人合伙关系作为被处罚主体的法律依据,进而提出了与之相适用的处罚原则和处理程序,为今后动物卫生监督执法提供参考。     

Regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice

In order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against Swine fever, the Pasteurellosis and Erysipelas suis. Synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing CpG motifs were ligated into pUC18, forming recombinant pUC18-CpG plasmid. Eukaryotic plasmid expressing porcine interleukin-6 (VPIL-6) were also constructed as molecular adjuvants in an attempt to enhance levels of immune responses of mice co-administered with the trivalent vaccines in this paper. The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were systematically analysed, and the experimental results were observed that the number of white blood cells, monocytes, granuloytes and lymphocytes significantly increased, respectively, in the mice immunized with VPIL-6, compared with those of the control; the IgG content and titre of specific antibodies to the trivalent vaccine mounted remarkably in the sera from the VPIL-6 vaccinated mice; the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were significantly increased in the vaccinated groups. The above-mentioned immune responses of mice co-inoculated with pUC18-CpG plasmid were significantly stronger than those of co-inoculated with pUC18 plasmid, suggesting that the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynuleotides CpG is closely connected with the number of CpG motifs. These results suggest that the porcine IL-6 gene and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to elevate immunity to conventional vaccines.     

育性调节剂FR1树核雄性不育水稻育性调节的初步研究

The experimental result showed that FR₁, a new fertile regulator, had obvious effect on the fertility change of CIS28-10 and Pei'ai 64S, but no effect to V20A. The effect of 200 mg/ kg FR₁ was best. The panicle development stage most sensitive to the regulator was on the reduction division stage of pollen mother cell and the effect of the regulator in autumn was more obvious than in summer. It suggested that FR₁ might be used to change the genetic male-sterile materials into fertile one so that more self-fertilized seeds could been obtained. which may be a new pathway for utilization of genetic male-sterile rice.     

大棚夏秋番茄品种比较试验

为筛选出适合滇中地区种植的大棚夏秋番茄品种,对引进的7个番茄品种分2个播期进行品种比较试验。试验结果表明,红果类型的7728、粉果类型的公爵果实性状和产量等综合性状好,适宜云南省推广种植。     

规模化猪场仔猪黄,白痢的防治研究

本研究采用麦康凯、 Ｅ Ｍ Ｂ 选择性培养基对四川绵阳、乐山、南充、温江、自贡、广汉、德阳等地规模化猪场仔猪黄、白痢黄型病例进行了大肠杆菌分离培养, 对分离株进行了详细的生化鉴定, 并用小鼠作致病性试验, 获得８８ 株致病性大肠杆菌。对８８ 株大肠杆菌中的１９ 株用１０ 种抗生素进行了药敏试验, 结果表明： 分离菌株对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素较敏感, 而对多种常用抗生素产生了不同程度的耐药性。对四川９ 个规模化猪场进行了本场菌株大肠杆菌灭活苗免疫试验, 取得良好效果。根据本研究结果提出： 采用本场菌株灭活苗免疫, 结合使用少量敏感抗生素, 并配合加强饲养管理等综合措施是防治规模化猪场仔猪黄、白痢最为经济有效的方法。     

Salinity regulates antioxidant enzyme and Na+K+‐ATPase activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758)

Effects of salinity on the growth, survival, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and sodium‐potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase) activities of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus were studied under a laboratory condition. Experimental fish were reared at the salinities of 10‰, 18‰, 26‰ and 34‰ for 30 days. Growth and survival of juvenile golden pompano were significantly affected by the rearing salinity. Fish reared at 34‰ achieved the highest specific growth rate, while the highest survival was obtained when fish were cultured at the salinity of 26‰. The highest GPX activity was obtained when fish were cultured at 26‰, and the lowest GPX activity was observed when fish reared at 34‰ salinity. The SOD activities of fish reared at 18‰ and 34‰ were significantly higher than those reared at 10‰ and 26‰. The lowest of Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase activity was obtained in fish reared at 34‰, while the highest Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase activity was obtained when fish reared at 18‰. Results from present study indicate that juvenile golden pompano can be reared above 18‰ without sacrificing fish survival, and the best growth can be achieved when fish is reared at the salinity of 34‰. The salinity of 10‰ may be too low for juvenile golden pompano as the growth, survival and SOD activity were reduced.