牛胚胎移植技术的产业化研究

本文探讨了引进国外优质奶、肉牛冷冻胚胎建立核心群，以及供体牛选择、超数排卵、胚胎冷冻保存和分割等相关技术，为牛胚胎移植产业化奠定基础。     

青海省草地鼠害现状及其治理

概述了青海省草地生态系统在当地经济发展、生态环境以及长江、黄河流域生态环境稳定和居民生活安全中的重要地位。结合当前鼠害防治工作的现状，提出了一些合理的鼠害防治策略和举措。     

动物繁殖激素产品现存的问题和创新

近年来,为了提高母猪的繁殖效率,满足养猪业养殖高度集约化的生产要求,行业内开始大力推广批次化生产繁殖技术。目前国内都是采用提取类生殖激素孕马血清(PMSG)和孕妇尿液中的人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),以及化学激素烯丙孕素进行繁殖调控。但是这些提取类产品仍存在一些缺陷,因此开发出活性好、纯度高、成本低的高品质蛋白类繁殖激素产品,进而应用于猪场批次化生产中,是提高我国乃至全球畜牧业发展效率的关键所在。     

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid,a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor,improves the development and acetylation level of miniature porcine handmade cloning embryos

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can change the histone acetylation and significantly enhance the developmental competence of the pre‐implantation SCNT embryo. To select a proper histone deacetylase inhibitor to improve the success rate and potentially developmental ability of handmade cloning (HMC) embryos of miniature porcine, we compared the effect of two histone deacetylase inhibitors (SAHA vs. VPA) on HMC embryo development, their histone acetylation level and the expression level of relevant genes. The blastocyst rate and number of blastocyst cells of HMC embryos treated with SAHA (SAHA‐HMC) or VPA (VPA‐HMC) were significantly higher than those of control (Control‐HMC), respectively, but there were no significant difference between SAHA‐HMC and VPA‐HMC groups. In addition, the acetylation level (AcH4K8) of Control‐HMC and VPA‐HMC embryos at the blastocyst stage, respectively, was significantly lower than that of in vitro fertilized (IVF) and SAHA‐HMC embryos. However, the acetylation H4K8 of the blastocysts had no significant difference between SAHA‐HMC and the IVF groups. The SAHA‐HMC blastocysts indicated comparative expression levels of Oct4 and HDAC1 (histone deacetyltransferase gene) with those of IVF blastocysts. In contrast, the expression levels of Oct4 were lower and those of HDAC1 were higher in the VPA‐HMC and Control‐HMC blastocysts, respectively, compared to those of the IVF blastocysts. Our results demonstrated that the HMC embryos treated by SAHA could promote the pre‐implantation development and increase the levels of histone H4K8 acetylation and the expression of the OCT4 gene, yet decrease the expression of the HDAC1 gene to the comparable level of the IVF embryos. Our results proved that SAHA may be a better histone deacetylase inhibitor for porcine HMC compared to VPA, and furthermore, it may indicate that SAHA can effectively correct the abnormal histone acetylation during the HMC embryo development and subsequently improve the full‐term developmental potential of the HMC embryos after embryo transplantation.     

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Fermentation Quality of Rice Straw Silage and Rice Straw with Sugarcane Tip Mixed Silage

Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6:4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group (CON) and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice (FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase (CEL) and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL (MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times. The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested. The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH₃-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone (P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and DMR was increased. The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH₃-N in MIX group were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased. In CEL group, the ADF was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and other indicators also had improved in different degrees. Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH₃-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased. In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase. The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.     

Ge—132在蛋鸡体内的药代动力学

给24只蛋鸡单剂量灌服Ge-132,分别于0.25～12小时采集血液、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、卵巢和卵子,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定样品锗含量,进行药时曲线拟合和动力学参数分析。结果表明,血液中锗有2只鸡符合一级吸收单室开放模型,药代动力学参数为T_(1/2ka)0.2562±0.0302h,T_(1/2k) 3.9657±0.7075h,Tp1.1556±0.1332h,Cmax 2.1621±0.4165uσ/ml,AUC10.6164±0.1748mg/L.o;另4只鸡符合一级吸收双室开放模型,参数为T_(1/2k) 0.3996±0.2606h,T_(1/2α) 0.8513±0.1626h,T_(1/2β)4.7368±0.3652h,Tp1.0116±0.4574h,Cmax 2.6134±0.4574μg/ml,AUC13.3926±3.4651mg/Lh,在各种组织器官中均呈现一级吸收单室开放模型,其消除速率以脾脏最快,依次为脾>肝>肾>卵巢>卵子,表明了蛋鸡体内的Ge-132代谢在个体和不同器官隔室间存在很大差异。     

对一起养殖公司使用含违禁饲料处罚案的分析与探讨

一段时期内,国内有些不法的蛋白质饲料生产企业擅自将"三聚氰胺"添加到鱼粉或饼粕类蛋白饲料中,企图以其无效的高氮(假蛋白)来达到常规检验所呈现高含量蛋白的检测结果,谋求以假乱真,获取非法利益,无疑危害了畜牧业生产。     

Effects of stocking density on oxidative stress status and mammary gland permeability in early lactating dairy cows

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density (SD) on oxidative stress status and mammary gland permeability in early lactating dairy cows. Thirty‐two dairy cows were allocated into 16 blocks, basing on parity, previous milk yield, and body weight, and were then randomly assigned into one of the two treatments as follows: 75% (75SD) and 100% (100SD) SD. The cows were fed with same diet throughout the 8‐week experimental period. The milk yield and milk sample were collected on two consecutive days during the 8‐week experimental period weekly. Plasma samples were collected on fourth and eighth experimental weeks. Raw, energy‐corrected, and 4% fat‐corrected milk yield were significantly higher in 75SD‐cows than that of 100SD‐animals, respectively. The milk somatic cell count was lower in 75SD‐cows than that of 100SD‐animals. The levels of Na⁺, Na⁺/K⁺, bovine serum albumin and plasmin were lower in 75SD‐cows than those of 100SD‐cattle, respectively. The 75SD‐cows had reduced insulin and insulin/glucagon levels but higher prolactin and growth hormone concentrations, compared with those of 100SD‐animals, respectively. In conclusion, compared with low SD‐animals, early lactating cows with higher SD had higher oxidative stress status, which further led to a greater mammary gland permeability.     

非典型牛海绵状脑病研究进展

非典型牛海绵状脑病为新发现的一种朊病毒病,通常发生于老牛,与典型牛海绵状脑病在病理表型、分子表型和生物表型方面不同。本文结合已发表的文献,对非典型牛海绵状脑病的发现、病原特性、流行病学、检测、发病机理、动物模型研究和实验感染等方面的最新研究进展进行了概述,以期增强人们对该病的认识,并为我国防控该病提供借鉴。     

鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局沿水分梯度的变化

为揭示鄱阳湖湿地苔草群落的构建机制,选择灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)群落作为研究对象,通过设立3条样带调查不同水分梯度的群落物种多度,选用断棍模型(BSM)、生态位优先占领模型(NPM)、优势优先模型(DPM)、随机分配模型(RAM)和生态位重叠模型(ONM)5个生态位模型对群落种-多度关系进行拟合,结果表明,1)灰化苔草群落可按土壤水分划分为高湿度、中湿度和低湿度3组,分别对应从湖边、湿地中间和湿地边缘的梯度分布;2)从高到低的水分梯度上,灰化苔草群落的物种数先增加后降低,优势种多度逐渐增加,物种多度分布曲线由相对平缓变为陡峭;3)高湿度灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局的最佳拟合模型为BSM,中、低湿度的理想模型转变为NPM。研究认为,水分条件的变化是灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局改变的主因,随着水分梯度降低,群落构建的生态学过程由随机生态位变为生态位优先占领。研究为鄱阳湖湿地多样性保育和生态功能管理提供了理论参考。