滁州鲫鱼食性的初步研究

对滁州鲫鱼的食性进行了调查研究。结果表明:滁州鲫是一种杂食性鱼,它的主要食物组成是轮虫、枝角类、桡足类、单胞藻类和有机碎屑等,随着体长的增长,食物中大型浮游动物、水生植物所占比例明显增加。对食物的摄食量上有季节性变化,在夏、秋两季摄食量最大,春季次之,冬季最少。     

利用中子水分仪测定棉田土壤水分含量

研究利用中子仪对棉田土壤水分含量进行了测定。结果表明：随着土壤深度的增加，土壤水分含量逐渐增加。在棉花生产期间，0－60cm土壤层次含水量变化大。其变异系数为15．88－74．4％，含水量（容积％）为3．12－25．36；60－120cm土壤层次含水量变化小。变异系数为9．43－44．87％，含水量（容积％）为16．15－28．84％。另外，两种土壤剖面类型土壤在保水上也存在着差异。结果也表明：0－20cm土层的含水量明显低于20－40cm土层。     

中国东北多煤层老矿区采煤沉陷地损毁特征与复垦规划

多煤层老矿区开采时间长,土地损毁程度严重,沉陷地再利用情况复杂。该文通过实地调查和搜集各煤矿地质地形图、采掘图、储量图和采矿历史等资料,借助矿区沉陷预计软件(MSPS),运用概率积分法对鹤岗矿区沉陷地近期(2014-2020年)和远景(2021年-闭矿)2个阶段进行沉陷预测,并采用ArcGIS软件对数据进行统计分析。根据有关规程中各地类沉陷地损毁程度判定标准对鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁程度进行划分。基于鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁特征,提出鹤岗矿区沉陷地时空复垦的规划模式。结果表明:随着煤炭不断开采,多煤层老矿区沉陷范围不断扩大,土地损毁程度加重,地表最大下沉深度达39.4 m;沉陷地在进行再利用过程中存在阶段性变化特征,可根据特定阶段沉陷地损毁特征制定土地用途。沉陷地区域稳定性特征和损毁程度是进行沉陷地时空复垦规划的重要依据。从时间安排看,应以闭矿沉陷地损毁程度为着眼点,全面考虑,确定各区域稳沉时序,鹤岗采煤沉陷划分为优先永久治理区、优先临时治理区、动态治理区和未来治理区;从空间布局看,前3个治理区功能定位依次为接续替代产业用地、短期工业用地和农业用地。     

Correlation analysis of mineral element contents and quality traits in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.)

The relationships among potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) contents in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.) of 274 genotypes and the relationships between these mineral element contents and other rice quality traits including 3 cooking quality traits, 17 amino acid contents, and protein content were investigated. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of mineral element contents. Mg, Fe, and Mn contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Cu content had significantly negative associations with the K and Mg contents of rice. The relationships between mineral element contents and cooking quality traits showed that gel consistency (GC) was significantly correlated with K, Cu, and Mn contents of rice. Amylose content (AC) was significantly associated with K, Na, Mg, Cu, and Mn contents. The alkali spreading value (ASV) had closely positive relationships with Ca, Mg, and Mn contents. In addition, 8 mineral element contents had obvious correlations with different amino acid contents. Mg, Ca, and Zn contents were significantly correlated with most of the 17 amino acid contents, but Na content did not correlate with amino acid contents except aspartic acid of rice. Furthermore, significant associations were found between protein content and Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, or Mn content. Six principal components were extracted to explain 84.50% of the total variances and contained the information provided by the original 29 variables according to the principal component analysis.     

中国粮食生产政策体系现状及完善建议

粮食安全是关系国计民生的重要问题,历来受到中国政府的重视。为了从根本上保障粮食供给,夯实国家粮食安全的基础,中国制定了一系列确保和促进粮食生产政策。深入分析了目前中国包括粮食补贴政策、粮食价格政策、产粮大县奖励政策、农业保险政策、土地政策和税费改革等在内的粮食生产政策体系及其实施效果,并通过与发达国家粮食生产政策体系对比研究,提出完善中国粮食生产政策体系的建议:完善粮食补贴政策、改进粮食最低收购价及粮食存储政策、建立健全政策性农业保险制度、强化粮食产销区的利益协调和优化粮食市场调控机制。     

生物及非生物诱导因子对水稻白叶枯病的诱导抗性及其与活性氧代谢的关系

 以对白叶枯病高抗的水稻品种余水糯和高感的水稻品种浙辐802为材料,于2叶期用Tiron、Paraquat(PQ)和稻白叶枯病菌弱毒株75-1进行诱导处理,测定诱导处理后3、24、48、72 h叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、O2-产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量的动态变化,并于3叶期用白叶枯病菌强毒株76-25进行挑战接种,结果表明：75-1和PQ均诱导两品种产生了系统抗性,并使诱导叶中O2-产生速率和MDA含量增加。75-1使O2-产生速率在24 h达峰值,比对照升高30.6%(余水糯)和25.3％(浙辐802);而PQ使O2-产生速率在24～72 h维持较高水平,比对照升高49.4％(余水糯) 和39.7％(浙辐802)。MDA含量的变化晚于O2-产生速率的改变,在72 h达最高值。75-1使SOD活性降低,并在24 h达最大降幅;而PQ使SOD活性升高,并在48 h达峰值。Tiron使PQ和75-1的诱导效果减弱,并使75-1对余水糯和浙辐802的互作由非亲和性互作转变为类似亲和性互作,导致侵染斑的形成。     

Early response of stand structure and species diversity to strip-clearcut in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Okinawa Island, Japan

Natural regeneration by strip-clearcut has rarely been used for restocking of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the East Asia. To contribute to a better understanding of the likely reasons for either the successful recovery of these forests or failure, the early response of stand structure and tree species diversity to strip-clearcut were studied in Okinawa Island, southwest Japan. The 4,000 m² study area was divided into 10 adjacent sections of equal area with a 10 m × 10 m sampling plot in the center, of which five sections were strip-clearcut while the remaining five sections uncut. Eight-year secondary succession following strip-clearcut showed that the density of woody stems, tree species diversity increased significantly not only in the regenerating stands but also in the residual stands compared to the primary stands. The primary dominant target species, Castanopsis sieboldii, continued to dominate both the regenerating and residual stands although colonizing species invaded abundantly in the stands, occupying approximately one-third of total tree species in each treatment. The community similarity analyses showed that the species composition were similar between the primary stands and the regenerating stands or residual stands reflected the high similarity amongst the primary stands and the regenerating stands or the residual stands. The similar stand structure, high tree species diversity and greater community similarity after strip-clearcut provided no evidence of forest degeneration, suggesting that the regenerating stand might gradually develop into stand similar to that prior to strip-clearcut.     

浅析福建省集体林权制度改革后的森林防火

简述了福建省集体林权制度改革后森林防火面临的政治敏感性强、防火效益要求提升、森林资源保护价值增高、火灾预防难度增大的防火形势。针对林改后存在的思想上多产生畏难情绪,利益变化引发人员伤亡和故意纵火,基础设施建设缓慢,基层防火力量弱化等问题,提出了建立投入长效机制,加快基础设施建设,加强森林消防队伍建设,提升应急处置能力等对策。     

早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

浅谈办公室工作协调艺术

分析了办公室协调工作的重要性,从对上级、对下级、上下级及左右之间的关系等4个角度论述了协调的方式方法,分析了协调工作中应该注意的3个问题,提出了加强自身素质的几点建议。