虎杖渣粉在山地鸡饲料上的应用研究

选择体型、体重相近的6周龄的240只山地鸡,随机分成4组,其中空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,另外3组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加3%、6%和9%的虎杖渣粉,经过3周试验,考察虎杖渣粉对山地鸡生长性能、免疫器官和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,饲喂虎杖渣粉的山地鸡日增重出现一定程度的下降,但差异不显著。处理组中胸腺指数最高增加了17.4%,脾脏指数最高增加了28.1%,法氏囊指数最高增加了31.7%。各处理组血液生化指标的变化均不显著,表明虎杖渣粉作为饲料添加剂使用时不会对山地鸡产生不利的影响,虽然饲喂过量虎杖渣粉不会提高山地鸡的生长性能,但可以提高山地鸡的免疫力,降低发病率,因此适合山区、林地等山地鸡的养殖。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

Aging promotes todorokite formation from layered manganese oxide at near-surface conditions

Purpose

Todorokite is one common manganese oxide in soils and sediments and is commonly formed from layered Na-buserite. Aging processes can alter the physicochemical properties of freshly formed Na-buserite in natural environments. However, it is not clear whether and how aging affects the formation of todorokites. In the present paper, Na-buserite with aging treatment was employed to prepare todorokite at atmospheric pressure to investigate the effects of aging treatment of Na-buserite on the formation of todorokite.

Materials and methods

Four aged Na-buserite samples, which are produced through oxidation of Mn²⁺ in concentrated NaOH medium by O₂ with aging for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, were employed to investigate the effects of aging processes on the transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite by Mg²⁺-templating reaction at atmospheric pressure. The manganese oxides were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, determinations of the average manganese oxidation number, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results and discussion

The XRD, IR, and elemental analyses indicate that aging treatment can alter the substructure of the freshly synthesized Na-buserite. During the aging process, some of the Mn(III) may migrate into the interlayer region or disproportionate to form Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ from the layer of Na-buserite and the concomitant formation of layer vacancies. The interlayer Mn³⁺ or Mn²⁺ occupied above or below the layer vacancy sites and become corner-sharing octahedral. XRD analyses and TEM clearly show that the transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite was promoted by aging treatments. The alterations of substructure of aged Na-buserites can promote the rearrangement of manganese to construct a tunnel structure during the transformation from layered manganese oxides to tunnel-structure todorokite at atmospheric pressure.

Conclusions

The transformation from Na-buserite to todorokite was promoted by aging treatments at atmospheric pressure, and it is more suitable to explore the origination of natural todorokite in Earth surface environments using aged layered manganese oxides.     

Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: stem cell niche and postnatal muscle growth

Stem cell niche plays a critical role in regulating the behavior and function of adult stem cells that underlie tissue growth, maintenance, and regeneration. In the skeletal muscle, stem cells, called satellite cells, contribute to postnatal muscle growth and hypertrophy, and thus, meat production in agricultural animals. Satellite cells are located adjacent to mature muscle fibers underneath a sheath of basal lamina. Microenvironmental signals from extracellular matrix mediated by the basal lamina and from the host myofiber both impinge on satellite cells to regulate their activity. Furthermore, several types of muscle interstitial cells, including intramuscular preadipocytes and connective tissue fibroblasts, have recently been shown to interact with satellite cells and actively regulate the growth and regeneration of postnatal skeletal muscles. From this regard, interstitial adipogenic cells are not only important for marbling and meat quality, but also represent an additional cellular component of the satellite cell niche. At the molecular level, these interstitial cells may interact with satellite cells through cell surface ligands, such as delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) protein whose overexpression is thought to be responsible for muscle hypertrophy in callipyge sheep. In fact, extracellular Dlk1 protein has been shown to promote the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the stem cell niche that regulate satellite cell differentiation and maintain muscle homeostasis may lead to promising approaches to optimizing muscle growth and composition, thus improving meat production and quality.     

晋西北黄土丘陵立地区立地类型的划分——山西省立地类型划分与造林模式研究（Ⅲ）

分析了晋西北黄土丘陵立地区的自然地理条件，按亚区的的区划原则将该立地区分为两个亚区，并根据立地类型小区、立地类型组和立地类型的划分原则将该立地区划分为5个立地类型小区，17个立地类型组，36个立地类型。     

采取自然防治措施,促进湿地松林健康发展——以江西省吉安市为例

概述了吉安市湿地松纯林有害生物的发生情况、自然防治的内容及实施途径。在综合防治中,提倡采取以营林技术措施为主体的自然防治方法,尽快恢复生物多样性,维持自然生态平衡,是湿地松纯林有害生物防治的根本途径,也是当前湿地松保护的主要内容。     

吕梁山东侧黄土丘陵立地区立地划分——山西省立地类型划分与造林模式研究（Ⅴ）

立地分类是依据立地特征的相似性和差异性将立地综合体划分为不同等级和类别,是实现科学造林、育林、营林的关键技术。分析了吕梁山东侧黄土丘陵地区的自然地理条件,按亚区的区划依据将该立地区分为两个亚区,并根据立地类型小区、立地类型组和立地类型的划分原则将该立地区划分为4个立地类型小区,14个立地类型组,23个立地类型。     

山西东部土石山立地区立地类型的划分——山西省立地类型划分与造林模式研究（Ⅺ）

分析了山西东部土石山区的自然地理条件,按亚区的区划原则将该立地区分为太行山北段山地立地亚区、晋东土石山立地亚区和中条山土石山立地亚区3个亚区,并根据立地类型小区、立地类型组和立地类型的划分原则将该立地区划分为9个立地类型小区,51个立地类型组和95个立地类型。     

酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌培养条件的研究

为使酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌的菌体浓度和芽孢转化率都达到最大,我们对其培养条件进行了研究。结果表明:葡萄糖1.0%、胰蛋白胨1.0%、酵母膏0.5%、牛肉浸膏0.3%,适量合适的无机盐类,接种前活化菌种,接种量10%,培养36h可获最大菌体浓度和芽孢转化率。     

精密播种机种肥智能监测系统

大型宽幅精密播种机作业中一旦发生种肥堵塞或种肥箱排空问题,就会造成巨大经济损失。为此,采用了一种半值角较小的光电元件构成光电阵列的方法,检测种子和肥料流动情况,解决了以往研究中漏检和光电元件间相互干扰的问题,传感结构易于拆卸,便于维护,系统能够及时发出声光报警信号,并显示故障行号。通过田间试验表明,该系统误报率低,故障播报准确。