Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages

In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed.The main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages.With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions.The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperatureleaf stagelight,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main factor.Allelopathic characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to O.longistaminata,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants.Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages.These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.     

果蔬成熟和衰老中的重要酶-脂氧合酶

脂氧合酶是广泛存在于植物体中的一种酶,已有研究表明,它可能参与植物生长、发育、成熟、衰老和防御过程的调控。近年来,随着对果蔬采后生理研究的深入,越来越发现脂氧合酶与果蔬采后的变化有关,它调节某些物质的合成,参与乙烯的代谢途径,并与果蔬的抗性、风味、颜色、硬度等都有密切的关系。综述了脂氧合酶在采后的研究进展,提出了该酶可能是控制采后生理变化的关键酶,并提出寻找脂氧合酶特异性抑制剂,用反义基因技术控制该酶的生物合成,培育耐贮新品种的设想     

不同性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力的影响

井上蛀果斑螟Assara inouei是云南石榴上最为重要的蛀果害虫,为明确不同性比对该虫成虫寿命及生殖力的影响,在温度(25±1)℃、光周期L∥D=15h∥9h,RH 70%±10%条件下,分别设置1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1(♀∶♂)共7种雌雄性比处理,研究了性比对井上蛀果斑螟雌雄成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量和子代卵孵化率等主要生物学参数的影响。结果表明:雌雄性比为2∶1时的产卵期、雌雄成虫寿命均显著长于其余性比,产卵前期短于除3∶1外的其余性比;性比为1∶2时产卵高峰单雌日产卵量显著大于其余性比;性比为1∶3时平均单雌产卵量显著大于其余性比,卵的孵化率显著大于除1∶2外的其余性比。无论在偏雄或偏雌性比条件下,随着雄虫或雌虫比例的增大,产卵前期均先减小后逐渐增大,产卵期均先增大后逐渐减小,平均单雌产卵量均先逐渐增大后减小。偏雄性比条件下子代卵的孵化率高于偏雌条件下。性比对井上蛀果斑螟成虫寿命及生殖力有显著影响,性比偏高或偏低均不利于井上蛀果斑螟种群的生殖。     

八种肉用犬的繁殖性能研究

本文通过对狼犬、鞑子犬、青龙犬、大丹犬、英卡犬、沙皮犬、藏鳌、拿波伦犬等8个品种192只犬繁殖性能研究。发现这八种犬的发情季节多集中在3月份和10～11月份，发情持续时间一般为14d，交配最佳时间为11d。配种次数与窝产仔数间不存在相关。     

观察饲料添加剂二次蓄积对幼犬性激素水平的影响

本试验旨在研究分析市场上正在广泛使用的饲料添加剂,探讨二次饲喂雄性幼犬后饲料添加剂蓄积对其生长、生殖发育的影响研究。选用12只1月龄犬,随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组犬饲喂正常日粮和大鼠鼠肉,试验组犬饲喂正常日粮和高剂量组大鼠鼠肉,喂养幼犬直至成熟,检测食用饲料添加剂高剂量组大鼠鼠肉是否对雄性犬的生长、生殖发育产生影响。采用酶联免疫试剂盒的方法来检测犬血清激素指标水平。结果显示：试验组雌二醇、促卵泡激素含量明显升高（P＜0.01）,而睾酮含量明显降低,有显著性差异（P＜0.01）,饲料添加剂高剂量组对犬血清中的促黄体生成未见显著变化。雄性幼犬食用试验大鼠后可导致雄性幼犬青春期体内内分泌激素含量异常,即青春期11月龄测定的雌二醇以及促卵泡激素水平增高,睾酮的水平降低。提示试验组雄性幼犬食用大鼠鼠肉后,可能通过干扰了睾丸轴的功能,对雄性幼犬的生殖发育能力产生影响。     

两系稻制种穗期病害发生较重的原因及防治措施

调查分析稻粒黑粉病、穗颈稻瘟等两系杂交稻制种穗期主要病害的发生原因,提出了清除菌源、轮换制种、健身栽培、对口药剂防治等防治措施。     

一氧化碳对切花月季瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响

 研究了不同浓度(0.001、0.01和0.1μmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源一氧化碳(CO) 供体高铁血红素(Hematin, H) 对切花月季‘影星’的瓶插寿命和抗氧化代谢的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, CO供体在0.001～0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}范围内, 随使用浓度的提高延长了切花月季的瓶插寿命, 其中0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理效果最明显, 而0.1μmol·L ^{- 1}的处理反而缩短切花月季的瓶插寿命。进一步研究发现, H 0.01μmol·L ^{- 1}处理还不同程度地上调前期过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性, 显著降低MDA含量。     

浙江玉米苗期根腐病病原研究简报

 一九九○年春,浙江天台县大面积春玉米苗期出现一种毁灭性的根病,重病地块死苗率达80%,一般发病地块为40-60%,给玉米生产带来严重影响。