应用高光谱数据定量反演查干湖水质参数研究

湖泊水质下降和富营养化问题日益严重,传统监测方法已经日益不能满足水质监测的需要。该文通过野外高光谱仪器测定查干湖水体反射光谱,分析研究水体反射光谱特征与水质参数叶绿素a含量、透明度和浊度之间的关系,运用多种半经验算法建立反演模型。结果表明:单波段光谱反射率与叶绿素a和浊度的相关系数较小,但与透明度相关系数较高;光谱反射率通过对数、比值转换,可以有效的提高叶绿素a和浊度估测模型的精度,却对透明度作用不大。总体来说,叶绿素a和浊度估测模型效果较好,透明度高光谱估测模型相对较差,需进一步研究。     

4种棉蚜抗药性种群的生命力及繁殖力

用4种杀虫剂以浸渍法分别累代处理敏感棉蚜,以选育抗药性。每选育4代进行1次毒力测定及生命力和繁殖力的观察。选育至12代,棉蚜对溴氰菊酯的抗性倍数达4031.4倍,对久效磷、灭多威及硫丹的抗性倍数分别仅为6.3、6.1及4.0倍。棉蚜对溴氰菊酯抗性水平较低时,其生命力及繁殖力略低于敏感品系,随着抗性水平的提高,其生命力和繁殖力也随之增强,RF_(8)接近敏感品系的水平,RF_(12)及RF_(16)则明显超过。灭多威及硫丹抗性种群随抗性水平的提高,其生命力及繁殖力表现不同程度的降低。久效磷抗性种群,各抗性水平下其生命力和繁殖力与敏感品系相比无显著差异。     

栽培柳枝稷不同生长时期对伴生杂草生物量及密度的影响

以陕西定边县引种的8个柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.)品种(Blackwell,Cave-in-Rock,Dakota,Forest-berg,Illinois USA,Nebraska 28,Pathfinder和Sunburst)及行间杂草作为研究对象,通过计算柳枝稷对杂草的抑制率(RI),分析其生长指标与杂草生长指标的相关关系,判定不同柳枝稷品种在不同生育期对杂草生长的抑制效应,为其引种及田间杂草管理提供依据。结果表明:在生长初期(6月30日),Illinois USA杂草抑制率仅为3.4%,Cave-in-Rock和Forestberg对杂草生长抑制率分别为86.0%和74.9%;经过2次人工除草后(8月30日),Cave-in-Rock和Forestberg的杂草抑制率分别为85.7%和95.7%;生长后期(10月13日),仅Cave-in-Rock对杂草生长有88.5%的抑制率。回归分析显示,生长中后期(8月30日),柳枝稷地上部及根系生物量显著影响对杂草的抑制率(R2=0.31,0.54;P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析发现,Cave-in-Rock的株高、地上及根系生物量均显著降低杂草单株生物量(r=-0.97,-0.99,-0.99;P<0.05);Forestberg的植高与杂草密度显著负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.05)。     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

Dynamics of the change in free blood serum amino acids of broiler chicks under the effect of lithium salts

The effect of lithium glycinate on the adaptive compensatory reaction in poultry during vaccinal stress is studied and its use as a stress protector is suggested.     

新型化合物唑嘧氯草胺的作用机制

采用培养皿法和常规生化方法,研究了新型除草剂唑嘧氯草胺(暂定名,代号:ZJ-2725)的作用机制。结果显示,同时添加20mg/L浓度的缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸能完全恢复唑嘧氯草胺对苘麻芽的生长抑制作用,而添加相同浓度的单一支链氨基酸只能部分消除其抑制作用。离体条件下,随着唑嘧氯草胺浓度的增大,对乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性的抑制率增加,ALS活性随反应时间的延长而增加,且两者之间符合Michaelis-Meten方程;活体条件下,唑嘧氯草胺对苘麻的ALS也表现出明显的抑制作用,ALS活性明显下降。表明唑嘧氯草胺在植物体内抑制了3种支链氨基酸的生物合成,进而导致植物蛋白质合成受阻而使植物生长受到抑制,ALS即为唑嘧氯草胺的作用靶标。     

Rare β-Resorcylic Acid Derivatives from a Halophyte-Associated Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419 and Their Antifungal Activities

Six new β-resorcylic acid derivatives (1–5 and 7) were isolated from a halophyte-associated fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419, together with four previously reported β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 1 was completely established by a combination of spectroscopic data and chemical reactions. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Notably, compounds 1–3 had a β-resorcylic acid harboring a long unesterified aliphatic side chain, whereas the long aliphatic chains were esterified to form macrolactones in 4–9. Among the isolated compounds, monocillin I and radicicol showed potent antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, comparable to clinically available antifungal agents and radicicol showed weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans. These findings provide insight into the chemical diversity of fungal RAL-type compounds and their pharmacological potential.     

陕西渭北旱原苹果种植区划与产业发展战略

通过生产典型调研、统计数据分析与ArcGIS数据处理,得出渭北旱原苹果业发展成就与存在问题,突出表现为果园土壤干燥化严重,水利设施发展不足,种植区域布局不够明确,品种结构不合理,果品加工贮销企业规模小,果业产业化水平偏低,苹果产业社会化服务体系尚不健全等问题。在现有地形、植被、气象等资料的基础上提出将渭北旱原苹果种植区可分为西部山地沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅰ区)、中部残原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅱ区)、北部高原沟壑晚熟苹果区(Ⅲ区)和东部台原沟壑中晚熟苹果区(Ⅳ区)等4个功能区域。在功能划分的基础上,十二五期间渭北旱原苹果产业发展战略措施概况为:优化生产布局、调整品种结构,扩大绿色果品基地规模,高海拔地区以晚熟品种苹果为主,低海拔地区重点发展中早熟及加工鲜食兼用品种;通过树立可持续发展理念,加强新技术推广力度,推进果畜结合,培育加工和贮销龙头企业,组建专业合作组织,开拓国内国际销售市场等手段建立市场化长效机制,提升苹果产业化程度。