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101.
102.
The objective of the study was to determine farmers’ perceptions of the causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows
raised on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory rural
appraisals and structured questionnaires that were administered to 551 randomly selected farmers from ten communities in the
Eastern Cape. Cattle herd sizes ranged from 3 to 11 and were mainly composed of cows. Cattle sales were ranked as the most
important use of cattle in all the villages. Tick-borne diseases and poor animal condition were reported as chief constraints
of cattle production in most communities. More than 60% of the interviewees reported that the age at puberty and age at first
calving for their cows varied between 18 and 36, and 24 and 48 months, respectively. About 95% of the respondents reported
long calving intervals and low bull numbers as major causes of low reproductive performance in cows in the communal areas.
It was concluded that farmers perceived delayed age at puberty and at first calving, long calving intervals and low bull numbers
as the major causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows raised on communal rangelands in South Africa. 相似文献
103.
Ferreira SR Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Carvalho RO Silva AR Frassy LN Freitas LG 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):639-642
The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4)
and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the
plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological
damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect
with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates
effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect)
among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The
results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes. 相似文献
104.
Circulating oxidative stress status in dromedary camels infested with sarcoptic mange 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between radical-generating and radical-scavenging activity, resulting in oxidation products
and tissue damage. This study was aimed to evaluate the status of oxidative stress indices in blood of camels naturally infested
with S. scabiei. Forty-seven male camels (Camelus dromedaries) were divided according to the extent of the infested area with Sarcoptes scabiei into four groups, mild (MID, n = 12), moderate (MOD, n = 10), severely infested (SEV, n = 10) and healthy control group (n = 15). Blood was used for determination of red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), serum nitric
oxide (NO•, a free radical), ascorbate and albumin concentrations, and erythrocytic values of malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid
peroxidation), protein carbonyls (PC, an indicator of protein oxidation), glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
catalase (CAT). Decreased levels (P < 0.05) of RBC, Hb, PCV, albumin and ascorbate were noticed in MOD and SEV compared to controls with the lowest values (P < 0.05) in SEV except for ascorbate, where MOD did not differ from SEV. Compared to controls, NO• gradually increased (P < 0.05) in MID followed by MOD and SEV, whereas MDA and PC were higher (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV. PC was higher (P < 0.05) in MOD than SEV. In addition, the antioxidants GSH, SOD and CAT were higher (P < 0.05) in MID and lower (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV compared to controls. GSH was lower (P < 0.05) in SEV compared to MOD. Besides, Hb was negatively correlated with NO• (r = −0.68, P < 0.001), MDA (r = −0.53, P < 0.001) and PC (r = −0.73, P < 0.001). In conclusion, dromedary sarcoptosis is accompanied by a state of oxidative stress process, which increased by
increasing the area of infestation, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. 相似文献
105.
106.
[目的]试验旨在研究全株玉米青贮与湿玉米芯饲喂肉牛效果对比,[方法]选择体重450 kg左右的西门塔尔杂交牛30头,随机分为2组,保证精饲料不变,分别饲喂全株玉米青贮与湿玉米芯,试验期70 d。[结果]结果表明,(1)全株玉米青贮组的日增重显著高于玉米芯组(P<0.01),比玉米芯组高出20.92%,全株玉米青贮组的料重比较玉米芯组低21.16%;(2)每头牛全株玉米青贮组的养殖效益为15.38元/d,比玉米芯组高出52.37%。[结论]综上所述,全株玉米青贮组的饲喂效果优于湿玉米芯组。 相似文献
107.
规范实验动物检疫监管工作,是有效贯彻落实《动物防疫法》,维护动物卫生监管秩序的重要举措。本文结合实验动物检疫监管现状,分析了当前实验动物监管存在监管主体职责边界交叉,产地检疫规程缺乏,未经强免存隐患,运输环节监管难等问题。这提示应精简行政许可,完善免疫措施和检疫规程,规范实验动物生产及运输管理,加大联合执法力度,以期为加强和完善实验动物的检疫监管提供参考。 相似文献
108.
109.
青藏高原草地生物量遥感动态监测 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
利用青海省2006年8月地面样点实测的生物量,结合相应月份的MODIS植被指数数据,提取与样点对应的EVI和NDVI值,建立生物量与两种植被指数之间的关系模型,并分析模型的精度。结果表明,1)EVI与草地地上生物量的相关性强于NDVI。2)在不同盖度下,植被指数与生物量的相关性随着盖度的增大而增强。3)利用最优模型反演不同草地类型的逐月生物量,并分析研究区2002-2008年不同草地类型生物量的年季动态变化,发现草地生产力水平越高,草地生物量的年季变化越剧烈,说明该种类型的草地受气候变化的影响越大;生产力水平越低的草地类型,则对气候变化的敏感度较低。 相似文献
110.
Chuan Yu Qiu Liu Aijian Qin Xuming Hu Wencai Xu Kun Qian Hongxia Shao Wenjie Jin 《Veterinary research communications》2013,37(4):277-283
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction. 相似文献