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81.
Background
The excessive use of inorganic P (Pi) in soils is alarming as it is causing numerous environmental problems and may lead to the depletion of rock phosphate reserves earlier than expected. Hence, to limit the over-dependence on Pi, there is the need to investigate organic phosphorus (Po), which is the dominant P form of soil P pool, as an alternate P source for plant growth.Aim
The present study seeks to investigate organic P use efficiency of eight varieties of faba bean grown symbiotically.Methods
The plants were grown in pots (6 kg soil) under greenhouse condition with three P source, namely, phytic acid (organic P, Po), KH2PO4 (inorganic P, Pi), and no-P. The P was applied at the rate of 1.79 g kg−1 soil.Results
The plants grown with Po and Pi produced similar amounts of root, shoot, and total dry matters. Despite producing statistically similar dry matters, P uptake by Pi-fertilized plants was twofold higher than by Po-fertilized plants. Meanwhile, Pi differed significantly from Po in terms of nodulation characteristics such as nodule dry biomass and individual nodule dry biomass. However, Po varied significantly from Pi in P utilization and acquisition efficiencies. Principal component analysis of Pi and Po revealed no significant variation and close association, confirming the nonsignificant differences between the two P treatments. Among the varieties tested, Tiffany tended to accumulate more dry matter, coupled with highest organic P utilization efficiency (0.48 g mg−1) as well as the highest organic P beneficiary factor (80%).Conclusion
These results provide a solid basis for further comparisons at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels between Tiffany (Po-efficient) and Fuego (Po-inefficient) varieties, offering deep insights into and making it easier to understand the mechanisms that allow soil Po to be utilized under symbiotic conditions. 相似文献82.
83.
We investigated the effects of honey and its methanol and ethyl acetate extracts on inflammation in animal models. Rats’ paws were induced with carrageenan in the non-immune inflammatory and nociceptive model, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the immune inflammatory model. Honey and its extracts were able to inhibit edema and pain in inflammatory tissues as well as showing potent inhibitory activities against NO and PGE2 in both models. The decrease in edema and pain correlates with the inhibition of NO and PGE2. Phenolic compounds have been implicated in the inhibitory activities. Honey is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. 相似文献
84.
Khairuddin Md Isa Suhardy DaudNasrul Hamidin Khudzir IsmailSaiful Azhar Saad Farizul Hafiz Kasim 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(2):481-487
The effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, particle size, holding time, and gas flow rate were investigated to optimize bio-oil yield from rice husk pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, indicating faster decomposition of cellulose compared to lignin. The optimisation process was analysed by employing central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert Version 7.5.1 (StatEase, USA). A two-level fractional factorial was initially carried out and followed by RSM. The statistical analysis showed that pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, particle size and holding time significantly affected the bio-oil yield. By utilising response surface method, these four factors were investigated, analysed and optimal conditions were obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 473.37 °C, heating rate of 100 °C/min, particle size of 0.6 mm and holding time of 1 min. Confirmation runs gave 48.30% and 47.80% of bio-oil yield compared to 48.10% of predicted value. Furthermore, the pyrolytic bio-oils obtained from fixed-bed pyrolysis were examined using gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods, elemental analyzer, pH probe and bomb calorimeter. 相似文献
85.
Mohd Firdaus‐Nawi Sabri Mohd Yusoff Hanan Yusof Siti‐Zahrah Abdullah Mohd Zamri‐Saad 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):87-96
This study was conducted to determine the systemic, mucosal immunity and protective capacity of the feed‐based adjuvant vaccine (FAV) of Streptococcus agalactiae following oral vaccination against streptococcosis in tilapias. Two hundred and sixteen red tilapia fish were divided into three major groups. Each major group consisted eight tilapia kept in nine 2000 L glass aquaria. At day 0, all fish from the FAV group were fed with feed that had been incorporated with an adjuvant, while fish in the feed‐based vaccine (FNV) group were fed with vaccine incorporated into the pellet without adjuvant. Fish in the control‐unvaccinated group, FC, were fed with normal commercial pellet. Booster dose was performed on day 14 post immunization. Fish from each group were sacrificed on a weekly basis for the entire 7 weeks. Serum, body mucus and gut lavage fluid were evaluated for antibody responses by indirect ELISA, while histological examination was carried out on the gut following intraperitoneal challenge. The FAV group had a significantly higher protection (P < 0.05) following challenge with 3.4 × 109 CFU mL?1 of live S. agalactiae than FNV group. This level of protection may be due to high antibody responses, increase in size of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and high number of lymphocytes in the FAV group. 相似文献
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88.
Amina Bibi Sultan Mehmood Kalsoom Bibi Saad Ullah Khan Adnan Khattak 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(6):469-475
The contamination of agriculture soils with heavy metals is increasing due to both natural and anthropogenic activities. This has resulted in lowering the yield and quality of agriculture crops. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) aqueous leaf extract (MALE) on growth and Hg phytoextraction potential of maize cv. Azam under mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced stress. Soil was contaminated with different concentrations of HgCl2 (1 and 0.5?mg/kg). The MALE was applied at 5% and 2.5% as seed soaking prior to sowing of seeds in the pots. The M. oleifera leaf was a good source of macronutrients (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Co and Ni) as well as natural phenolics. The induced HgCl2 stress significantly reduced seed germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll content and carotenoids content. The HgCl2-induced stress was associated with accumulation of phenolics and Hg in roots. The accumulation of Hg in roots was significantly correlated with phenolics content (r?=?.8007, p?=?.000). The exogenous application of MALE significantly ameliorated adverse effects of HgCl2 stress on maize plants. The accumulation of Hg in roots was significantly increased by MALE. It is inferred from findings of the present investigation that MALE served as bioregulator and can be applied to reduce adverse effects of HgCl2 on maize. Moreover, MALE can enhance the Hg phytoremediation potential of maize. 相似文献
89.
Malaysian Gelam honey has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, a high antioxidant capacity, and free radical-scavenging activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates immune cells to sequentially release early pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and induces the synthesis of several related enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the intravenous injection of honey in rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia. The results showed that after 4h of treatment, honey reduced cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins 1β, and 10) and NO levels and increased heme oxygenase-1 levels. After 24h, a decrease in cytokines and NO and an increase in HO-1 were seen in all groups, whereas a reduction in HMGB1 occurred only in the honey-treated groups. These results support the further examination of honey as a natural compound for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
90.
Kamarudin Mohd Salleh Bami Mahkameh Lashkarizadeh Arshad Aziz Saad Che Roos Ebrahimi Mahdi 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):385-397
Fisheries Science - Illipe Shorea macrophylla is a riverine fruit naturally eaten by Malaysian mahseer Tor tambroides and other riverine cyprinids. The effects of crude illipe oil on the growth... 相似文献