射流式马铃薯输送泵性能试验

为了研究射流式马铃薯输送泵的性能,该文根据马铃薯输送的特点设计了一台射流式马铃薯输送泵,通过试验的方法对流量比、面积比和输送高度3个因素对输送性能的影响进行了研究,并分析了不同工况对马铃薯损伤的影响。研究结果表明:马铃薯的最高输送能力达1 667.46 kg/h;在相同的输送高度和面积比下,输送能力和泵水功率随着流量比的增加而增加;在相同的被吸流体流量和扬程下,输送能力随着面积比升高而降低;在相同的面积比和工作流体流量下,输送能力随着输送高度的升高而降低,而输送单位质量马铃薯的能耗随之升高;在大部分工况中,马铃薯在输送过程中没有损伤;但是在少数流量比较低的工况中,由于回流的作用,马铃薯可能与喷嘴或者泵内壁面碰撞而导致损伤;综合考虑输送能力和马铃薯损伤,在试验所涉及的工况中,射流式马铃薯输送泵面积比1.75,流量比0.49,输送高度1.40 m为输送马铃薯的最优工况。     

Purification, cloning, and immunological characterization of arginine kinase, a novel allergen of Octopus fangsiao

Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme participating in energy metabolism in invertebrates, but, to date, there have been no reports that AK from octopus is an allergen. In this study, octopus AK was purified, and its molecular biological, immunological, and physicochemical characterizations were analyzed. The results showed that octopus AK was purified and confirmed by mass spectrometry for the first time, and its molecular mass was 38 kDa. The full-length gene sequence of octopus AK encompassed 1209 bp and was predicted to encode a protein with 348 amino acid residues. The homology of octopus AK and crustacean AK was about 54%, but the similarity between their three-dimensional structures was high. Octopus AK could react with mouse anti-shrimp AK and rabbit anti-crab AK polyclonal antibody singly. Octopus AK could also react with specific IgE of the sera from octopus-allergic patients effectively, whereas crab AK could inhibit the reaction between them. Finally, the IgE-binding activity of octopus AK could be reduced in the processes of thermal or acid-alkali treatment. In summary, AK was identified as a novel allergen in octopus, which had a sensitizing ability similar to that of crustacean AK. This is significant in allergy diagnosis and the treatment of octopus-allergic disorders.     

笼养朱鹮非繁殖期昼间行为活动时间分配

采用即时取样和扫描法对河南董寨国家级自然保护区3个朱鹮笼舍的3对朱鹮行为进行了45 d,计585 h的观察。结果显示：（1）朱鹮非繁殖期昼间各行为休息（40.12%）占比例最大,其次是理羽（17.45%）、刨啄（14.03%）、运动（12.32%）、取食（11.30%）、剧烈运动（3.99%）、水浴（0.54%）、其他（0.26%）。（2）朱鹮活动呈一定的节律性,休息的2个显著高峰分别在6：00和18：00,另外2个小高峰分别在10：00和14：00;运动小高峰在12：00;取食2个显著高峰分别在9：00和15：00;理羽有4个小高峰,分别在7：00、10：00、14：00和17：00;水浴的2个高峰分别在13：00和14：00;刨啄的2个高峰分别在12：00和16：00。（3）两性昼间行为峰值也存在着一些差异,雌鸟和雄鸟相比之下,运动早,中午休息少,洗浴早,创啄多,取食强度较小。     

Protective effect of vitamin C and lycopene on the in vitro fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm by inhibiting the oxidative stress

The fertilization capacity of sex-sorted sperms is seriously decreased, which inhibits its wide application. However, little information is still available about the effect of vitamin C (VC) and lycopene (Lyc) on the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm. In this study, the washing medium and fertilization medium of sex-sorted sperm from three bull individuals were supplemented with different concentrations of VC (0, 1 × 10^–3, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6 M) or Lyc (0, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6, 1 × 10^–7). After washing twice and incubation for 1.5 hr, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, membrane potential (Δψm) and IVF (in vitro fertilization) ability of sex-sorted sperm were investigated. For the sex-sorted sperm of bulls A, B and C, 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc treatment significantly decreased their MDA levels and PS translocation and increased their Δψm levels and cleavage rates after IVF. When blastocysts were concerned, 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc significantly improved the blastocyst rates and their IFN-tau expression of bulls A and C. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc in washing and fertilization medium contributed greatly to improving the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm during IVF procedure.     

楠杉混交林营造技术研究报告

楠木是我国的珍贵用材树种。但生长慢、经济收入迟,人工造林不多。本楠杉混交林,楠木是目的树种,试验结果表明:2楠:1杉株间混交的较好;1楠:1杉株间混交则营造较简单,也是一种可应用的混交方式。混交林中的楠木比楠木纯林生长稍差,但其中的杉木生长很好,且杉木小径材有利用价值,提早收入,以短养长,以杉养楠,是当前发展楠木生产的一种切实有效的方法。     

温州蜜柑花芽分化期枝内细胞分裂素类型和脱落酸含量及其变化

 叙述了用高效液相色谱法分离、测定核糖基玉米素（ZR）、玉米素（Z）、二氢玉米素[（DiH）Z]和脱落酸（ABA）的方法，并从温州蜜柑枝内检测出了ZR和Z，但未发现有（DiH）Z存在。其中ZR的含量为Z的23-93倍。说明ZR是温州蜜柑枝内细胞分裂素（CTK）的主要成分。在花芽分化期Z和ZR的变化基本一致：在诱导期含量较低，而在花原基将出现时迅速上升，达到高峰。我们认为这时ZR和Z的急剧增加可促进花原基的形成。ABA在诱导期含量也较低，而在形态分期保持相对较高水平。本文对ABA与花芽分化的关系作了讨论。     

A Recessive Mutant of argonaute1b/gsnl4 Leads to Narrow Leaf,Small Grain Size and Low Seed Setting in Rice

正A gsnl4 mutant characterized by small grain size, narrow leaf and low seed-setting rate was obtained by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS) mutagenesis of a japonica rice variety Wuyunjing 21. Genetic analysis showed that gsnl4 is a loss-of-function mutant. A single-base mutation in gsnl4 resulted in the substitution of Ser to Asn in the Piwi domain of Os AGO1 b protein. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of Os AGO1 b yielded a mutant phenotypically resembling gsnl4. Furthermore,     

番茄枯萎病菌和颈腐根腐病菌KASP-SNP检测技术的建立

为快速、准确地对番茄枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(FOL)和番茄颈腐根腐病菌F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici(FORL)进行检测,基于尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum多聚半乳糖醛酸外切酶基因pgx4的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点,设计FORL、FOL生理小种1(FOL-R1)、2(FOL-R2)和3(FOL-R3)的竞争性等位基因特异性PCR-SNP(kompetitive allele specific PCR-SNP,KASP-SNP)引物,建立番茄颈腐根腐病菌和番茄枯萎病菌KASP-SNP检测技术,并通过与常规PCR比对及ITS与pgx4序列分析对该检测技术的可靠性进行验证。结果显示,在FORL、FOL-R1、FOL-R2和FOL-R3中存在35个变异SNP位点,设计出18对KASP-SNP引物,筛选出FORL＿KASP、FOLrace1＿KASP、FOLrace2＿KASP和FOLrace3＿KASP共4对分型清晰的...     

氮添加对杨树人工林表层土壤微生物群落结构的影响1）

以江苏东台沿海地区杨树人工林地为研究对象,建立野外模拟氮沉降试验样地,试验设置5个氮处理水平,分别为对照（0 kg· hm－2· a－1）、低氮（50 kg· hm－2· a－1）、中氮（100 kg· hm－2· a－1）、高氮（150 kg· hm－2· a－1）和超高氮（300 kg · hm－2· a－1）。于2012年5月开始在生长季（5—10月）每月进行施氮处理,2013年8月和10月运用磷脂脂肪酸法分别分析了土壤微生物群落的变化特征。结果表明,施氮处理近2 a后,两个月份中的土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸总量均显著下降,细菌、真菌中磷脂脂肪酸的量出现了不同程度的下降,真菌与细菌中磷脂脂肪酸的量之比没有显著变化。磷脂脂肪酸组成的主成分分析显示,除低氮处理样地外,其他水平施氮样地均使微生物群落结构显著变化,且超高氮处理样地变化格局具有季节差异性。