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131.
Diogenis F. Ferreira-Junior Renato Almeida Sarmento Althiéris S. Saraiva Aline S. P. Dornelas João L. T. Pestana Amadeu M. V. M. Soares 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(11):376
Thiamethoxam (TMX) is one of the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticides for pest control in agricultural crops. However, information on its acute and chronic toxicity for freshwater non-target insects is still limited. We aimed to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal effects of TMX-based insecticide on Chironomus xanthus using laboratory ecotoxicological assays. Besides survival, 28-day partial life-cycle tests assessed the effects of chronic exposures on larval growth and emergence of midges. The estimated 48-h LC50 was 32 μg a. i./L of TMX. Chronic tests revealed that chironomids exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of TMX showed reduced larval growth (LOEC?=?0.4 and 1.6 μg a.i/L of TMX for head capsule width and growth rate, respectively) and emergence rate (LOEC of 1.6 μg a.i/L of TMX). This study provides important ecotoxicological data concerning effects of TMX-based insecticides on tropical ecosystems and reveals that environmentally relevant concentrations of TMX can adversely affect chironomids populations. Our study also validates C. xanthus as a sensitive species to monitor the ecological integrity of tropical aquatic systems near intensive agricultural areas and to help understand the effects caused by TMX on freshwater insects. 相似文献
132.
Gustavo Caione Cid Naudi Silva Campos Flávia Bastos Agostinho Leandro Rosatto Moda Renato de Mello Prado 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(1):1-4
One of the major challenges in crop production is increase efficiency of non-renewable P sources, or replace them with renewable sources. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization using reactive natural phosphate, filter cake, peat and biofertilizer on soil P content, foliar P content and growth of noni seedlings. The treatments were: control (without P fertilization); phosphorus; filter cake; phosphorus?+?filter cake; phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat; and phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat?+?biofertilizer. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments phosphorus?+?filter cake; phosphorus?+ filter cake?+?peat; and phosphorus?+?filter cake?+?peat?+?biofertilizer increased phosphorus content in soil and in leaf, and the growth of noni seedlings. Our results indicates that natural reactive phosphate enriched with filter cake can be used as phosphate fertilizer on noni seedlings cultivation. 相似文献
133.
134.
135.
Characterization of a Potential Nutraceutical Ingredient: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Oil Unsaponifiable Fraction 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Augusta Caligiani Francesca Bonzanini Gerardo Palla Martina Cirlini Renato Bruni 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):277-283
The chemical fingerprinting of the unsaponifiable fraction of different Punica granatum seed oils was performed in order to evaluate their potential as a functional food ingredient. Qualitative and quantitative
determinations of tocopherol, aliphatic alcohol (including policosanol), squalene, phytosterols and triterpene contents were
performed by GC-MS. A high yield (3.1–4.2%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained and consistent levels of squalene (up to
800 mg/kg) and policosanol (118–185 mg/kg) were noticed. β-sitosterol (up to 8069 mg/kg) and cycloartenol (5916–7766 mg/kg)
were predominant in phytosterol and triterpene fractions, while β- and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant vitamin E forms.
Some minor variations were noticed between samples. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that the seed oil of P. granatum can be considered an interesting alimentary source of substances of nutraceutical value involved in the modulation of cholesterol
metabolism. 相似文献
136.
Louisi Souza de Oliveira Diogo Antonio Tschoeke Aline Santos de Oliveira Lilian Jorge Hill Wladimir Costa Paradas Leonardo Tavares Salgado Cristiane Carneiro Thompson Renato Crespo Pereira Fabiano L. Thompson 《Marine drugs》2015,13(2):879-902
The red seaweeds belonging to the genus Laurencia are well known as halogenated secondary metabolites producers, mainly terpenoids and acetogennins. Several of these chemicals exhibit important ecological roles and biotechnological applications. However, knowledge regarding the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds is still very limited. We detected 20 different genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid precursors, and 21 different genes coding for terpene synthases that are responsible for the chemical modifications of the terpenoid precursors, resulting in a high diversity of carbon chemical skeletons. In addition, we demonstrate through molecular and cytochemical approaches the occurrence of the mevalonate pathway involved in the biosynthesis of terpenes in L. dendroidea. This is the first report on terpene synthase genes in seaweeds, enabling further studies on possible heterologous biosynthesis of terpenes from L. dendroidea exhibiting ecological or biotechnological interest. 相似文献
137.
Ivette Moguel‐Hernández Renato Peña Héctor Nolasco‐Soria Silvie Dumas Patricia Hinojosa‐Baltazar 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(4):909-917
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters used as possible determinants of egg quality in Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru). Fertilized eggs of eight spawns were obtained by hormonal induction. Egg quality criteria, including abnormal cleavage (AC), hatching percentage (HR) and survival percentage at first feeding (SR) were recorded. Samples were taken during embryonic development and from yolk‐sac larvae. Proteins, energetic metabolite concentrations and metabolic and digestive enzyme activities were determined using colorimetric methods. Pearson's correlation, and simple and multiple regression models were performed using the biochemical parameters as the independent variables and AC, HR and SR as the dependant variables. Glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity (AC r = 0.87; HR r = ?0.65; SR r = ?0.67) and fructose concentration (AC r = ?0.64; HR r = 0.54; SR r = 0.64) were the only biochemical parameters to be strongly correlated with the three egg quality criteria. The use of multiple regression models increased the regression coefficient of the three quality criteria. Fructose, glucose and glucose‐6‐phosphatase were involved in all multiple regression models. The models proposed in this study may be used to explain egg quality for Pacific red snapper and their use as predictors of egg quality is discussed. 相似文献
138.
Marcel B. Spósito Lilian Amorim Renato B. Bassanezi Pedro T. Yamamoto Marcos R. Felippe Ana B.C. Czermainski 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1546-1552
Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS), forms ascospores and conidia in citrus leaf litter and only conidia on fruit and twigs. The objective of this work was to determine the relative importance of inoculum sources of ascospores and conidia in the progress of CBS under natural conditions in Brazil. A first experiment was conducted in an orchard subdivided into two areas. In one area, fallen leaves were removed and in the other area fallen leaves were maintained. In each area, two treatments were established: 1) CBS symptomatic mature fruit remained on the trees after the new fruit set, and 2) CBS symptomatic mature fruit were harvested before the new fruit set. A second experiment was carried out in a CBS-free experimental orchard where detached symptomatic fruit and leaf litter on the orchard floor and detached symptomatic fruit and dead twigs on the tree canopy were distributed to investigate the spread of disease. In the first experiment disease incidence was similar for all treatments in all years. However, in 2003, in the area without leaf litter (absence of the ascospores source), disease intensity and the rate of progress of disease incidence were higher when there was overlap of mature and young fruit. In the second experiment, only detached symptomatic fruit and dead twigs on the tree canopy were able to spread CBS in two years of the experiment. The distance of disease spread was less than 80 cm from these inoculum sources. The removal of fallen leaves was not sufficient to completely suppress the disease because of the presence of conidia in fruit and dead twigs. Therefore the reduction of conidia sources should be considered in CBS management in Brazil. 相似文献
139.
Stefano Mocali Donatella Paffetti Giovanni Emiliani Anna Benedetti Renato Fani 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(4):557-569
A combination of molecular and classical techniques was used to study the composition, structure, diversity, and dynamics
of an aerobic heterotrophic cultivable bacterial community isolated from five different soil samples treated with the fumigant
agent 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and further subjected to nitrogen–phosphorous–potassium (NPK) fertigation (F), amendment (C
2 and C
4), and NPK fertigation plus amendment (F + C) in two different periods (May and July). The restriction and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA from 189 isolates revealed a
very high percentage (94%) of Gram-positive bacterial isolates, most of which (83%) belonging to the genus Bacillus. The degree of intraspecific genetic diversity was high, as shown by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. These data
seem to be related with the increase in microbial biomass C (C
mic) content and the decrease in the total organic C (C
org) and metabolic quotient (qCO2) values, especially in amended soils (C
2, C
4) where soil microflora mineralized the organic matter of the added fertilizers. In a short term, it is suggested that the
presence of very high percentage of Gram-positive bacteria might be related to the ability of these bacteria to form spores
so as to be resistant to fumigants rather than being the result of a selective pressure in the predominance of microbial species
with a set of genes involved in biodegradation of 1,3-D.
Stefano Mocali and Donatella Paffetti contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
140.
Papi A Orlandi M Bartolini G Barillari J Iori R Paolini M Ferroni F Grazia Fumo M Pedulli GF Valgimigli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):875-883
There is high current interest in the chemopreventive potential of Brassica vegetables (cruciferae), particularly due to their content in glucosinolates (GL), which upon myrosinase hydrolysis release the corresponding isythiocyanates (ITC). Some ITCs, such as sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli ( Brassica oleacea italica), have been found to possess anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis in selected cell lines, as well as indirect antioxidant activity through induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Japanese daikon ( Raphanus sativus L.) is possibly the vegetable with the highest per capita consumption within the Brassicaceae family. Thanks to a recently improved gram scale production process, it was possible to prepare sufficient amounts of the GL glucoraphasatin (GRH) as well as the corresponding ITC 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRH-ITC) from its sprouts. This paper reports a study on the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of GRH-ITC compared with the oxidized counterpart 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRE-ITC) on three human colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo, HCT-116, and HT-29) together with a detailed kinetic investigation of the direct antioxidant/radical scavenging ability of GRH and GRH-ITC. Both GRH-ITC and GRE-ITC reduced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in the three cancer cell lines. The compounds significantly ( p < 0.05) increased Bax and decreased Bcl2 protein expression, as well as producing caspase-9 and PARP-1 cleavage after 3 days of exposure in the three cancer cell lines. GRH-ITC treatment was shown to have no toxicity with regard to normal human lymphocytes (-15 +/- 5%) in comparison with SFN (complete growth inhibition). GRH and GRH-ITC were able to quench the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, with second-order rate constants of 14.0 +/- 2.8 and 43.1 +/- 9.5 M(-1) s(-1), respectively (at 298 K in methanol), whereas the corresponding value measured here for the reference antioxidant alpha-tocopherol was 425 +/- 40 M (-1) s (-1). GRH reacted with H2O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in water (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, with rate constants of 1.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) and 9.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) M(-1) s (-1) (paralleling recently developed synthetic antioxidants) being quantitatively (>97%) converted to GRE. It is demonstrated that GRH-ITC has interesting antioxidant/radical scavenging properties, associated with a selective cytotoxic/apoptotic activity toward three human colon carcinoma cell lines, and very limited toxicity on normal human T-lymphocytes. 相似文献