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41.
Grougnet R Magiatis P Laborie H Lazarou D Papadopoulos A Skaltsounis AL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(1):108-111
The application of a procedure based on XAD-4 adsorption resin permitted the obtainment of an enriched polyphenolic extract from Sesamum indicum seeds. Chemical analysis of the obtained extract led to the identification of 12 lignans. Among them, 2 lignans, (+)-sesamolinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside and disaminyl ether, are reported for the first time as natural compounds. Their structure has been determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly by the application of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques [heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC), and nuclear Overhauser effect spectrometry (NOESY)] and mass spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimutagenic activity. Among the tested lignans, the most active lignan was found to be sesamolin, followed by sesamolinol and samin, against H(2)O(2). Additionally, some of the tested lignans showed desmutagenic activity against benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). 相似文献
42.
Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia 下载免费PDF全文
Gustavo M. R. Valladão Sílvia U. Gallani Gabriela Pala Raphael B. Jesus Suzana Kotzent Jaqueline C. Costa Thiago F. A. Silva Fabiana Pilarski 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5640-5649
The effect of the essential oils (EOs) of peppermint, Mentha piperita L., and tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, on the haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., was evaluated. Fish (58.09 ± 5.87 g) were fed 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of each EO and sampled on days 7, 14, 30 and 60 after starting supplementation. The haematological and biochemical parameters were not altered by the supplementation of EOs compared to the control (p > .05). With regard to the immunological parameters, the activation of the complement system of fish fed 250 mg/kg peppermint and 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg tea tree EOs were significantly higher compared to the control after 60 days of feeding (p < .05). The complement system plays an essential role in innate immunity and contributes significantly to the acquired immune response; thus, its activation through supplementation with EOs is promising for the formulation of nutritional additives in aquaculture. Regarding intestinal morphology, fish fed 250 mg/kg tea tree EO presented higher villus size compared to all other groups (p < .05), which represents a healthier gut. These fish present a larger intestinal surface, which can result in better absorption and utilization of the nutrients. Based on the responses found in this study, both EOs were considered promising for the formulation of feed additives for Nile tilapia. 相似文献
43.
Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva Taiju Saito Amanda Pereira dos Santos-Silva Raphael da Silva Costa Martin Psenicka George Shigueki Yasui 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1469-1485
This review discusses the new biotechnological tools that are arising and promising for conservation and enhancement of fish production, mainly regarding the endangered and the most economically important species. Two main techniques, in particular, are available to avoid extinction of endangered fish species and to improve the production of commercial species. Germ cell transplantation technology includes a number of approaches that have been studied, such as the transplantation of embryo-to-embryo blastomere, embryo-to-embryo differentiated PGC, larvae to larvae and embryo differentiated PGC, transplantation of spermatogonia from adult to larvae or between adults, and oogonia transplantation. However, the success of germ cell transplantation relies on the prior sterilization of fish, which can be performed at different stages of fish species development by means of several protocols that have been tested in order to achieve the best approach to produce a sterile fish. Among them, fish hybridization and triploidization, germline gene knockdown, hyperthermia, and chemical treatment deserve attention based on important results achieved thus far. This review currently used technologies and knowledge about surrogate technology and fish sterilization, discussing the stronger and the weaker points of each approach. 相似文献
44.
Proteases that reside in cellular membranes apparently wield water to hydrolyze the peptide bonds of substrates despite their water-excluding environment. Although these intramembrane proteases bear little or no sequence resemblance to classical water-soluble proteases, they have ostensibly converged on similar hydrolytic mechanisms. Identification of essential amino acid residues of these proteases suggests that they use residue combinations for catalysis in the same way as their soluble cousins. In contrast to classical proteases, however, the catalytic residues of intramembrane proteases lie within predicted hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Elucidating the biological functions of intramembrane proteases, identifying their substrates, and understanding how they hydrolyze peptide bonds within membranes will shed light on the ways these proteases regulate crucial biological processes and contribute to disease. 相似文献
45.
以9种豆科牧草为试材,在缺磷砂土上研究施用Ca(H2PO4)2后对其产酸量的影响.结果表明:Lupinus albus,Lupinus lutens和Biserrula pelecinus施磷需求量比Cicer aritimum,Vicia faba,Medicago polgmorpha,Ornithopus sativus和Trifolium subterraneum低,而Lupinus angustifolius需求量最高.当增施磷肥,使其达到中度缺磷水平时,比酸度有所增加,但进一步增施磷肥则使植株产酸量减少,在几种植物中,C.arietinum产酸量最高,B.pelecinus最低.比酸度与过量阳离子、灰碱、钙和镁等浓度有关.在不考虑施磷和植物品种的情况下,植物产酸总量与植株地上部分过量阳离子总量恰好一致;在施磷量不同的情况下,豆科植物产酸量主要由其吸收阳离子和阴离子的差异决定. 相似文献
46.
Raphael Linker 《Precision Agriculture》2017,18(1):59-75
A procedure for estimating the number of mature apples in orchard images captured at night-time with artificial illumination was developed and its potential for estimating yield was investigated. The procedure was tested using four datasets totaling more than 800 images taken with cameras positioned at three heights. The procedure for detecting apples was based on the observation that the light distribution on apples follows a simple pattern in which the perceived light intensity decreases with the distance from a local maximum due to specular reflection. Accordingly, apple detection was achieved by detecting concentric circles (or parts of circles) in binary images obtained via threshold operations. For each dataset, after calibration of the procedure using 12 images, the estimates of the number of apples were within a few percent of the number of apples counted by visual inspection. Yield estimations were obtained via multi-linear models that used between two and six images per tree. The results obtained using all three cameras were only slightly better than those obtained using only two cameras. Using images from only one side of the tree did not worsen the results significantly. Overall, the yield estimated by the best models was within \(\pm\)10 % of the actual yield. However, the standard deviation of the yield estimation errors corresponded to ~26–37 % of the average tree yield, indicating that improvements are still needed in order to achieve accurate yield estimation at the single-tree level. 相似文献
47.
48.
Alexander Filous Robert J. Lennox Paige Eveson Raphael Raveino Eric E. G. Clua Steven J. Cooke Andy J. Danylchuk 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(2):200-214
Fisheries management requires knowledge on the population dynamics of exploited stocks. To that end, the present study used a mark–recapture approach to characterise the population demographics of roundjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta (Forsskål) and their interaction with a data‐limited fishery on Anaa Atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia. Over the course of the study, 2,509 bonefish were tagged and 12.3% were recaptured. The L∞ of bonefish was estimated at 71 cm fork length (FL) with a K of 0.17, based on changes in FL between capture events. Artisanal fish traps located in the migratory corridors of the atoll accounted for 94% of recaptures and these movements occurred during the waning moon. Fishing mortality increased as bonefish reach sexual maturity, recruiting to the trap fishery at age 4 with the onset of spawning behaviour. Bonefish abundance between ages 3 and 5 was estimated to be 29,079 individuals. This case study demonstrated the utility of mark–recapture in filling knowledge gaps that impede the management of data‐limited fisheries. Ultimately, these results supported the creation of an Educational Managed Marine Area and the resurgence of rahui (seasonal closure) to manage this fishery. 相似文献
49.
G. Schröder E. Meinlschmidt J. Papenfuß O. Malarski R. Gebhard 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2004,56(7-8):222-231
In order to control wind bent grass (Apera spica-venti), several years’ experiments showed that, under certain conditions, the application rate of Monitor, Attribut, and Atlantis WG permitted in Germany can be reduced by 25%. Reducing it up to 50% is only possible if in form of a tank mixture in which the mixture coaggregate also has a partial effect on wind bent grass. The reduction of application rates is only to be done with the help of aid substances. To attain high efficiency, the cereal population has to develop a normal weed competition. In short straw varieties and fragmentary cereal populations, the efficiency varies further and depends more on weather conditions than the intensity of infestation with wind bent grass. Results show that reduced application rates of sulfonyl urea can be integrated into plant protection reduction programs. To prevent resistance, reduced application rates should be used only together with other herbicide groups in cereal-rich crop rotation and wheat monocultures. 相似文献
50.
Garcia Camila Fernandes H. de Souza Raphael B. de Souza Cleiton Pereira Fontanetti Carmem Silvia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2019,230(8):1-20
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Laboratory snow melting experiments were conducted with actual late-winter snow samples, collected just before the final snowmelt, in two similar northern Swedish... 相似文献