柴油机掺烧生物柴油NOx和碳烟排放数值模拟

利用CFD软件FIRE v2008对186FA型柴油机燃用纯柴油和B20燃油时的燃烧过程进行NOx和碳烟的三维数值模拟,描述了两种燃油的NOx和碳烟生成规律和分布.通过实测示功图对比,验证了氮氧化物模型和碳烟生成模型的准确性.根据数值模拟结果对原柴油机燃用B20时的涡流比和喷油提前角进行了优化,并提出了能同时降低两种排放物的技术方案,涡流比2.7、供油提前角352.5°时,NOx和碳烟排放最优.     

螺旋齿辊式秸秆调质装置性能试验

利用所研制的螺旋齿辊式秸秆调质装置试验台,采用调质齿辊差速转动方式对摘穗后玉米秸秆进行压裂、破节的连续调质正交试验,分析了调质齿辊工作间隙、调质齿辊转速及秸秆喂入速度对秸秆调质性能的影响.试验结果表明,调质齿辊工作间隙对秸秆调质作业性能影响显著,最优参数组合为调质齿辊工作间隙2 mm,调质齿辊转速65 r/min,秸秆喂入速度4 km/h.     

Herbivore-induced volatiles from tea (Camellia sinensis) plants and their involvement in intraplant communication and changes in endogenous nonvolatile metabolites

As a defense response to attacks by herbivores such as the smaller tea tortrix ( Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda), tea ( Camellia sinensis ) leaves emit numerous volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, α-farnesene, benzyl nitrile, indole, nerolidol, and ocimenes in higher concentration. Attack of Kanzawa spider mites ( Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida), another major pest insect of tea crops, induced the emission of α-farnesene and ocimenes from tea leaves. The exogenous application of jasmonic acid to tea leaves induced a volatile blend that was similar, although not identical, to that induced by the smaller tea tortrix. Most of these herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) were not stored in the tea leaves but emitted after the herbivore attack. Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of tea leaves emitted blends of similar composition. Furthermore, HIPV such as α-farnesene were emitted mostly from damaged but not from undamaged leaf regions. A principal component analysis of metabolites (m/z 70-1000) in undamaged tea leaves exposed or not to HIPV suggests that external signaling via HIPV may lead to more drastic changes in the metabolite spectrum of tea leaves than internal signaling via vascular connections, although total catechin contents were slightly but not significantly increased in the external signaling via HIPV.     

化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤研究现状

化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤具有修复时间短、操作简单、能耗低、适应性广、可资源化回收洗脱石油等优点,从表面活性剂复配、助剂应用、过程强化以及石油污染土壤性质的影响等方面对近年来化学洗涤法修复石油污染土壤的研究进行了评述。为推动该方法的实际应用,尚需深入研究表面活性剂之间、表面活性剂与助剂之间的相互作用机制,系统研究石油污染土壤性质对洗涤工艺的影响,加强关于降低化学洗涤对土壤性能影响方法的研究,深入开展洗涤废水回用及有效处理的研究。     

血吸虫疫苗研究现状和发展方向

血吸虫疫苗的研究工作已经进行了很长一段时间,发现了一批有价值的候选疫苗分子。同时通过改进和优化免疫途径,血吸虫疫苗的免疫保护力正在逐步提高。随着研究的日益深入,对血吸虫疫苗的免疫机制等了解更加透彻,距离研制出能诱导高的、稳定的免疫保护力的疫苗分子的目标将越来越近。     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化及AFLP分析

以6个黄瓜品种(系)为试材,以来自山东、辽宁、黑龙江的200个黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌为供试菌株,采用苗期接种鉴定及AFLP分子标记技术,研究了黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化。结果表明:黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌存在生理小种分化现象,并将200个菌株分为4个生理小种,初步筛选出D0330、D1306、D0649和D2025作为研究黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌生理小种分化的鉴别寄主备选材料;AFLPs与菌株的地理来源无关,与毒力存在相关性。     

血吸虫疫苗研究现状和发展方向

血吸虫疫苗的研究工作已经进行了很长一段时间,发现了一批有价值的候选疫苗分子。同时通过改进和优化免疫途径,血吸虫疫苗的免疫保护力正在逐步提高。随着研究的日益深入,对血吸虫疫苗的免疫机制等了解更加透彻,距离研制出能诱导高的、稳定的免疫保护力的疫苗分子的目标将越来越近。     

干旱胁迫条件下不同抗旱性苹果砧木内源激素含量的变化

以抗旱性差异显著的两种苹果砧木楸子(Malus prunifolia)和平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Reld)为材料,研究了干旱胁迫对两种砧木根和叶中脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GAs)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量的影响.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,与非抗旱砧木平邑甜茶相比,抗旱砧木楸子中抑制生长...     

1株猪源肠道益生菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从健康猪肠道中分离出1株对仔猪大肠杆菌病和副伤寒病病原有较强拮抗作用的菌株,命名为W-02,对其进行菌落形态、生理生化特性和16S rDNA系统发育分析,确定该菌株为凝结芽孢杆菌。对该菌株胃肠道耐受特性和安全性进行了研究,结果表明,W-02菌株在人工胃液、人工肠液、猪胆盐和80℃高温表现出很强的耐受能力,急性毒性试验结果表明该菌株为无毒菌株。     

Feeding different dietary protein to energy ratios to Holstein heifers: effects on growth performance,blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters

Eighteen Chinese Holstein heifers average age 230 ± 14 days were allocated to 1 of 3 dietary crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios to examine the effects on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters with 90‐days experiment. Three different dietary CP:ME ratios were targeted based on the formulation of dietary CP contents of 10.85%, 12.78% and 14.63% on dry matter (DM) basis with similar ME contents (10.42 MJ/kg DM), which were categorized as low, medium and high dietary CP:ME ratios. The actual CP:ME ratios obtained in this study significantly increased from low to high CP:ME ratio groups with a value of 10.59, 11.83 and 13.38 g/MJ respectively. Elevated CP:ME ratios significantly increased CP intake (kg/day) and feed efficiency (FE) which was defined as dry matter intake as a proportion of average daily gain (ADG), whereas little difference was observed in body weight (kg), ADG (kg/day), DM intake (kg/day) and ME intake (MJ/day) among the three different CP:ME ratio groups. Increasing dietary CP to ME ratios significantly increased CP digestibility, whereas digestibility of DM and gross energy remained constant in the current experiment. Blood urea nitrogen and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 linearly increased with increasing dietary CP:ME ratios. There was significantly dietary treatment effect on rumen fermentation parameters including acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids. Therefore, this study indicated that increasing dietary CP levels with similar energy content contributed to increased protein intake and its digestibility, as well as FE. Holstein heifers between 200 and 341 kg subjected to 13.38 dietary CP:ME ratio showed improved feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation characteristics for 0.90 kg/day rate of gain.