5 个甘蔗品种（系）砍收后耐贮性分析

甘蔗砍收后堆放过程中,耐贮性与品种有直接关系。本研究以 5 个甘蔗品种（系）为供试材料,观测砍收后 7 d 内,其甘蔗蔗糖分、重力纯度、简纯度、还原糖分、纤维分、单茎重等指标变化情况。采用相关分析、因子分析法 进行分析,对测定指标间相关性及 5 个甘蔗品种（系）品质变化进行评价。结果表明,随着堆放时间延长,甘蔗蔗糖 分、重力纯度、简纯度均呈下降趋势,甘蔗纤维分、还原糖分和单茎重损失均呈上升趋势,重力纯度和简纯度指标间 极显著正相关,还原糖分与简纯度指标间显著负相关;6 个指标可简化为 2 个因子,其达到所有指标 91.297%的信息量; 利用因子得分对供试甘蔗品种（系）进行聚类分析,可分为 3 个类群。在 5 个品种（系）中,热甘 11-1559 耐贮性最 好,ROC22 和热甘 14-291 次之,热甘 11-122 和热甘 12-60 最差。     

铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区浮游植物群落特征与水质评价

经济发展改变了铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区的水域水生生态环境,为了揭示该保护区浮游植物群落结构特征与水质状况,分别于2011年6月、7月及9月按对4个代表性断面进行浮游植物群落研究,并根据浮游植物群落结构的物种组成,及其结合Shannon-Weaver指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数对水质营养及污染状况进行评价。结果表明：该保护区浮游植物有86种,其中绿藻门最多,34种,占全部浮游植物种类的39.53%;硅藻次之,29种,占总种类的33.73%;蓝藻门14种,占总种类的16.28%。浮游植物总平均密度为9.79×105 ind•L-1,总平均生物量为0.303mg•L-1,调查区域浮游植物平均密度由高到低依次为铜陵沙头南>铜陵沙头北>萝卜洲尾南>萝卜洲尾北;平均生物量由高到低依次为铜陵沙头南>铜陵沙头北>萝卜洲尾北>萝卜洲尾南。铜陵淡水豚自然保护区水质属于富营养型,处于α-中污染状态。     

Intensification of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus culture: II. Growout in a separate cell system

In the process of exploring ways to intensify crayfish culture, a growout system of individual cages (cells) was designed to determine the effects of gender and cell size on the growth of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Cells of three different diameters—large (25 cm), medium (20 cm) and small (16 cm)—were used. When crayfish were stocked at a mean weight of approximately 10 g, growth rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. The growth rate of the males in the large cells was 0.31±0.14 g/day, while that of the females was 0.18±0.09 g/day. The size of the cell had significant influence on the weight of males. Male crayfish in the large and medium cells grew better than those in the small cells. When males were stocked at a higher mean weight (about 23 g), their mean weight after 206 days was higher in the large cells (69.28±15.72 g) than in the small cells (58.11±12.66 g), suggesting that the growth of large males was also affected by cell size. Regardless of cell size, male animals of this species grew faster than females under conditions of individual cells. This intensive culture method appears to present a powerful improvement in yields, by as much as two orders of magnitude, in comparison with communal cultures.     

Characterization of Collagen Enzymatic Hydrolysates Derived from Lizardfish (Synodus fuscus) Scales

Acid soluble collagen was extracted from the scales of lizardfish and characterized with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis. After 8 h of collagen hydrolysis, hydrolysates had an estimated degree of hydrolysis (DH) from 4 ± 0.05 to 25 ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). All hydrolysates had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity. These activity levels showed little change after treatment with gastrointestinal proteases. Results indicated that the lizardfish by-products may be improved by enzymatic treatment with acid-soluble collagen from lizardfish scales.     

盐度、pH对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)滤水率和摄食率的影响

采用静态法,以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为受试生物,研究了不同盐度(16、18、20、22和24)和pH(6.7、7.7、8.7、9.7和10.7)对文蛤滤水率和摄食率的影响.结果显示,在16-24盐度范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率随盐度增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,盐度为20组(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.51 L/g·h、6.65 mgPOM/g·h,显著高于盐度为16、18、22、24实验组(P＜0.05),推测文蛤最适生长盐度范围为20左右.pH在6.7-10.7范围内,文蛤滤水率和摄食率均随pH增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,pH=8.7(对照组)文蛤的滤水率和摄食率均为最大值,分别为1.04 L/g·h、11.91 mgPOM/g.h,显著高于6.7、9.7、10.7实验组(P＜0.05),而与pH=7.7实验组差异并不显著(P＞0.05),推测文蛤最适生长pH范围为7.7-8.7.研究结果可为文蛤池塘健康养殖提供参考.     

水稻富含半胱氨酸类受体激酶家族基因对纹枯病菌和植物激素的响应特征分析

[目的]明确水稻富含半胱氨酸类受体激酶(Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases,CRK)家族基因对纹枯病菌侵染和植物激素的响应特征,是解析CRK在水稻纹枯病抗性中的功能的重要前期工作.[方法]利用生物信息学方法构建了水稻45个CRK的系统发育树,并利用qPCR分析了它们对纹枯病菌和对植物...     

基于流域生物资源保护的水库生态调度

阐述了流域水电开发对流域生物资源的影响途径:通道阻隔、水库淹没、径流调节、水温变化等,探讨了流域水电开发对河流连续性、河道洪枯过程、库区生境等生态功能的影响方式.结合三峡水利枢纽工程实例,针对宜昌断面基于流域生物资源保护的流量要求,建立了以水电站发电效益最大为目标的长期优化调度模型,并采用差分进化法进行优化求解,获得了相应的水电站水库调度出流过程,并在此基础上采取人造洪峰、提高下泄水温等生态修复方式保护流域生物资源.建议水库运行调度应在考虑工程功能的同时,兼顾下游及水库的生态功能,以达到流域水资源开发与保护流域健康的生态系统相协调的目的.     

烟粉虱若虫在夏大豆植株上分布的研究

对烟粉虱若虫在223份不同结荚习性大豆品种植株上的分布进行了调查研究.结果表明烟粉虱若虫在夏大豆植株上的总体分布集中在中上部,占总数的83.1%,中部与上部之间差异不显著.不同结荚习性大豆品种上烟粉虱若虫的分布存在明显差异.有限结荚习性品种主要分布在上部,上4叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的57.7%;无限结荚习性品种主要分布在中上部,第11叶至第16叶上烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的53.1%;亚有限结荚习性品种中5叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的39.6%,上5叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的41.4%.由此可以看出,化学防治烟粉虱的重点部位是大豆植株的中上部叶片.     

不同灌水模式对小麦产量、形态和生理特性的影响

为了探寻快速筛选节水高产小麦品种的形态和生理指标,以黄淮冬麦区2003-2013国审或省审及两个对照品种共102份小麦品种为材料,设全生育期不灌水(T_0)、灌拔节水(T_1)、灌拔节+灌浆水(T_2)三种灌水模式,检测了不同灌水模式下小麦的产量、形态和生理特性及其关系。结果表明,T_1较T_0处理通过增加穗数和穗粒数提高产量,T_2较T_1处理通过增加粒重提高产量。T_1明显增加株高、旗叶的面积、周长、长和宽;T_2处理小幅增加株高,对旗叶形态影响年度间不一致。T_1和T_2处理明显增加冠层温差。T_1处理对灌浆后期小麦旗叶叶绿素含量影响年度间不一致,T_2处理提高叶绿素含量。T_0条件下,产量与冠层温差呈显著正相关;T_1条件下,产量与旗叶宽和冠层温差呈显著正相关;在T_2条件下,产量与旗叶宽、叶绿素含量和冠层温差呈显著正相关,与株高呈显著负相关。因此,冠层温差、旗叶宽和叶绿素含量可以用作筛选和鉴定相应灌水模式下节水高产小麦品种的形态或生理指标。