Comparison of aluminium tolerance in the brassicas and related species

The aluminium tolerance of 31 varieties within 11 species in six genera of the Cruciferae was determined by measuring root length under aluminium stress. Variance analysis indicated highly significant differences of aluminium tolerance among the species compared. Raphanus sativus (2n= 18, RR) had the highest aluminium tolerance, followed by Brassica carinata (2n= 34, BBCC), Brassica oleracea (2n= 18°C) and Brassica napus (2n= 38, AACC), which had the C genome. There might be more than one gene for aluminium tolerance in the R and C genomes. Those species such as Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA), Brassica nigra (2n= 16, BB), Brassica juncea (2n= 36, AABB), Arabidopsis thaliana (2n= 10, arar), Sinapis alba (2n= 24, alal), Cheiranthus cheiri (2n= 12, chch) and Orychophragmus violaceus (2n= 24, OO) that did not include the R or C genome had lower aluminium tolerances. Transfer of aluminium tolerance from R. sativus into the cultivated brassicas seems possible by intergeneric hybridization and the production of addition, substitution or translocation lines.     

Utilization of alien genes to enhance Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat – A review

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. Sources of resistance to FHB are limited in wheat. Search for novel sources of effective resistance to this disease has been an urgent need in wheat breeding. Fusarium head blight resistance has been identified in relatives of wheat. Alien chromatin carrying FHB resistance genes has been incorporated into wheat through chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation. Relatives of wheat demonstrate a great potential to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB.     

重新认识黄河

 要研究黄河下游治理方向,首先需要重新认识黄河。黄河现在的特点是干旱年份上中游一些支流径流量减少幅度大于降水量减少的幅度,社会经济用水和生态植被用水量在增加,入黄泥沙减少的同时径流量也减少。对于今后黄河的治理,需要研究下游的年均水量及汛期水量的可能变化,减沙量与减水量的变化幅度和增加下游汛期水量的可行性。按照“与自然和谐共存”的思想,总结了黄河流域治理开发以及水土保持、植被恢复等生态环境建设中的基本教训。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的风机性能自动测试系统

针对我国风机性能检测多以手工为主，存在试验手段落后，劳动量大和测试结果不准确等缺点，采用先进的虚拟仪器技术，将传感器技术、计算机技术和测试技术结合起来，建立了基于虚拟仪器技术的风机性能自动测试系统，实现了试验数据的自动采集、风机转速的自动调节、风机运行工况的自动控制、试验数据的正确处理及性能曲线的自动绘制。整个系统具有界面友好、操作方便、功能齐全等优点。试验结果表明本系统增加了试验过程的稳定性，避免了人为的读数误差、计算误差以及相关数据不能同时记录所引起的试验结果偏差，提高了测试精度和试验效率。可广泛应用于科研院所和风机生产厂家，具有较高的推广应用价值。     

生态农业与食品安全

食品安全已引起国内外的广泛关注。我国食品安全与提高人民生活质量、保证人民健康,维护社会稳定、建设和谐社会等密切相关。维护食品安全,就是维护生态安全、维护经济安全、维护国家安全。目前,我国食品安全面临的主要问题,一是食品数量不足,合格率不高;二是食品中有毒有害物质残留量高,食物中毒事件增多;三是资源、生态、环境问题突出,食品可持续生产能力面临潜在威胁;四是食品安全的法律、法规尚不健全,执法与管理力度不够。生态农业是当今社会农业发展的重要方向,具有显著的增产、增收、增效和环境保护功能,对改善和优化农业生态环境、生产健康优质的安全食品具有重大意义。生态农业在解决当前及今后我国面临的食品数量、质量安全及食品可持续生产能力等方面,将发挥着重要与不可替代的作用。为保障新世纪我国的食品安全,必须大力发展生态农业。主要措施包括:提高对生态农业的认识;大力普及生态农业知识;全面应用与推广生态农业技术;加强生态农业的科学研究;重视实行生态农业的产业化。     

我国节水农业科技创新成效与进展

我国农业必须走依靠科技创新大幅度提高水的利用效率、发展节水型高效农业的内涵式增长道路、从传统的粗放型灌溉农业和旱地雨养农业向现代高效节水型灌溉农业、节水型旱作农业和节水型生态农业转变。为此，在“九五”期间已取得的节水农业科技创新成效基础上，国家应加大对节水农业科技发展的支持力度，强化节水农业科技基础条件建设，完善节水农业技术创新平台，加快节水农业科技创新步伐，尽快建立健全具有中国特色的节水农业技术体系与模式，实现我国节水农业的跨越式发展。     

活性炭在玉米浸泡水处理中的应用

用活性炭作吸附剂提取玉米浸泡水中的脂多糖,并用活性炭色谱法和离子交换色谱法分离提纯脂多糖,使脂多糖产品纯度达到了97.4%.     

雅鲁藏布江中游地区水土流失及其防治对策

该分析了西藏雅鲁藏布江及其支流拉萨河，年楚河水土流失现状，危害及成因。并针对该地区实际情况，提出了战略措施与耕作，生物，工程等等具体技术相结合的水土流失综合防治对策。     

Evaluating reclamation levels of coastal saline soil using laboratory hyperspectral data

Considerable proportions of coastal saline tidelands in China have been reclaimed for agricultural land uses in the past 30 years. This study aims to investigate the potential utility of laboratory hyperspectral data for evaluating the reclamation levels of those saline lands. A coastal region of Shangyu City (Zhejiang Province) was used as the study area, which was then grouped into four subzones according to the reclamation history. Soil samples were collected at each subzone, and they were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content and low organic matter; the longer the saline lands have been reclaimed, the lower the electrical conductivity and sand content are and the higher the organic matter content is. These changing trends of the soil chemical and physical properties can be indicated by the laboratory reflectance spectra of the soil samples. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) was applied to select and identify six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions, saline lands with different historical years of reclamation were classified with an overall accuracy of 86.6% in a self-test and 89.3% in a cross validation. Finally, this study suggests that remotely sensed hyperspectral data serve as promising measures to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline soil, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations. Published in Russian in Pochvovedenie, 2007, No. 10, pp. 1226–1233. The text was submitted by the authors in English.