Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

禽流感病毒H9N2亚型三重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立简便快速检测禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)并同时区分出H9、N2亚型的方法,本试验根据基因库中H9亚型AIV的HA基因、N2亚型AIV的NA基因及AIV的M基因序列,分别设计了3对针对这3种基因保守序列的引物,建立了AIV H9N2亚型的三重PCR检测方法。应用该方法对H9N2亚型AIV模板进行PCR扩增,可得到3条与试验设计相符的目的条带,分别为313 bp (HA基因)、451 bp (NA基因)和667 bp(M基因);对非H9亚型的N2亚型AIV模板进行扩增,出现2条特异性扩增条带,即451 bp (NA基因)和667 bp(M基因);对非H9、N2亚型AIV模板进行扩增则只出现一条目的条带,即667 bp(M基因);对其他禽呼吸道病原体进行PCR扩增,结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果显示此三重PCR方法最低检出限为10^-2 ng/μL。应用所建立的三重PCR方法对120份临床病料进行检测的结果与病毒分离鉴定结果一致。各项试验结果均表明,该方法对于禽流感病毒尤其是H9、N2亚型禽流感病毒的检测具有快捷、特异、灵敏的特点。     

欧美宠物市场发展新趋势

1欧洲宠物市场欧洲的宠物市场不再仅仅局限于西欧了,还包括中欧地区(含俄罗斯),上述两个地区的发展历程、特点和前景完全不同。它们各自的主要发展情况怎样?今后几年的形势将如何?1.1现状大多数西欧国家的宠物市场基本稳定,平均销售额以年均3%的速度增长。这足以满足市场消费需求吗?答案是否定的。事实上,3%的增长率大约相当于平均通货膨胀率。另外,相关情况清楚表明,西欧部分国家(如意大利、法国和西班牙)的宠物数量仍在上升,除此之外,其他国家甚至包括中欧地区宠物数量处于稳定状态。基本上,欧洲国家的宠物调制食品指数(PPF指数)都在上…     

灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验

在静水条件下,进行灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验,试验结果显示:灭虫精对西施舌幼贝24 h致死浓度LC100为400 ms／L,半数致死浓度LC100为250 mg/L,安全浓度为2．50mg／L;48h致死浓度为260 mg／L,半数致死浓度LC50为224ms／L,安全浓度为2．24mg／L。灭虫精用于西施舌人工育苗过程中桡足类等敌害生物防治,具有较强的可用性。根据试验结果,建议使用2 mg／L浓度的灭虫精进行防治,可达到显著效果。     

菊苣开花及种子形成规律的研究

菊苣(Cichorium Intybus L.)开花及种子形成规律的研究表明:在太原地区,菊苣6月上旬开始开花,三周之后即7月初达盛花期。种子在授粉后20天即发育成熟,此时,种子发芽率及千粒重均达到最高。最佳种子收获期应在盛花期后20～30天,此时种子呈深褐色,水分含量为25％左右。     

青藏高原放牧高寒草甸主要温室气体通量及其主控因素研究

在青藏高原高寒草地不同放牧强度区设4个试验样地,分别为原生草甸(NM)、轻度退化草甸(LM)、中度退化草甸(MM)和重度退化草甸(HM),监测草地温室气体通量。结果表明:不同放牧强度对草地温室气体通量影响显著,放牧活动对高寒草甸的影响首先表现在植被上,而土壤环境的变化比较迟滞。通过逐步回归分析和因子拆分得知,草甸甲烷通量影响较大的环境因素为土壤紧实度和有机质,分别能解释44.6%和28.4%的总变异,CO2通量影响较大的环境因素为紧实度和生物量,分别能解释36.1%和32.8%的总变异,氧化亚氮通量影响较大的环境要素为紧实度和有机质,分别能解释50.1%和22.9%的总变异,家畜的践踏作用使退化草地紧实度增加,进而引起温室气体通量的改变,高寒草甸退化演替发展到重度退化阶段时释放大量温室气体。     

Reducing methane emissions and the methanogen population in the rumen of Tibetan sheep by dietary supplementation with coconut oil

The objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary coconut oil on methane (CH(4)) emissions and the microbial community in Tibetan sheep. Twelve animals were assigned to receive either a control diet (oaten hay) or a mixture diet containing concentrate (maize meal), in which coconut oil was supplemented at 12?g/day or not for a period of 4?weeks. CH(4) emissions were measured by using the 'tunnel' technique, and microbial communities were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. Daily CH(4) production for the control and forage-to-concentrate ratio of 6:4 was 17.8 and 15.3?g, respectively. Coconut oil was particularly effective at reducing CH(4) emissions from Tibetan sheep. The inclusion of coconut oil for the control decreased CH(4) production (in grams per day) by 61.2%. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of methanogens and the daily CH(4) production (R?=?0.95, P?相似文献   

猪瘟病毒C株检测用国家核酸标准物质的研制

为研制均匀、稳定的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸标准物质,选择CSFV C株接种于PK-15细胞并收获病毒液,然后经过病毒灭活、分装、冻干,最终形成核酸标准物质。用微滴式数字PCR对制备的CSFV标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性评估、标准物质合作定值,在评定不确定度后计算得出最终量值结果,并开展临床试用。结果显示,该标准物质均匀,4 ℃条件下可稳定存放4周,25 ℃可稳定存放1周,-20 ℃可稳定存放11个月,量值结果为（5.1±0.7）×105 copies/mg;临床试用显示,所制备的标准物质与临床样本的互通性良好。本研究制备的CSFV C株国家核酸标准物质均一性良好、稳定、量值准确度高,并通过了全国标准物质管理委员会评定,可用于动物及动物产品质量安全检测,从而有效保障猪瘟防治工作的开展。     

口服ND弱毒苗对鸡十二指肠中2种神经多肽阳性细胞的影响

应用新城疫弱毒苗经消化道黏膜2次免疫鸡后,采用免疫组化的方法检测鸡十二指肠中生长抑素(Somatostatin,SS)阳性细胞和P物质(Substance P,SP)阳性细胞的分布及其数量变化。结果表明,动物首免后第3周,新城疫免疫组SS阳性细胞数量极显著增加(P<0.01),而SP阳性细胞数量显著减少(P<0.05);首免后第5周和第7周,新城疫免疫组和对照组中的2种阳性细胞数差异不显著。