新疆2家牛场引进安格斯牛的牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎和布鲁氏菌病检测

为了解新疆当地牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)、牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)和布鲁氏菌病对引进安格斯牛的影响,对2家牛场新引进的和引进2年以上的安格斯牛进行BVD、IBR和布鲁氏菌病病原学和血清学检测。结果显示,新引进的安格斯牛未检测出BVD抗原、IBR病原核酸、布鲁氏菌感染抗体,而引进2年以上的安格斯牛虽未检出BVD抗原,但IBR病原感染抗体阳性率为100%,且PCR核酸阳性率为20%,布鲁氏菌感染抗体阳性率为5%。结果表明,新引进的安格斯牛虽未感染这3种疫病病原,但引进后有较大的感染风险。结果提示,牛场需加强BVD、IBR和布鲁氏菌病防控,实施全群免疫,筛选并淘汰感染牛,坚持自繁自养,慎重从场外引进牛只。     

硅肥提高草地早熟禾抗旱性的效应及机制

在不同水分处理和不同硅肥浓度处理下研究外源硅对草地早熟禾巴润Poa pratensis cv.Baron 抗旱性的影响,结果表明:硅参与植物的许多生理活动,增施硅肥能够提高草地早熟禾的发芽率,增加植株的高度、叶片数和分蘖数,对草地早熟禾植株的叶片相对含水量、质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均有重要的影响,可增强草地早熟禾的抗旱性.     

罗汉果葡萄糖基转移酶基因的克隆及原核表达

 从罗汉果（Siraitia grosvenorii）转录组中获得一条与罗汉果甜苷Ⅴ生物合成相关的葡萄糖基转移酶（UDPG）的unigene片段,以罗汉果授粉后70 d的果实RNA为模板,利用RACE和RT-PCR技术克隆UDPG全长基因,将克隆得到的SgUDPG1基因连接到原核表达载体pEASY-E1上,构建融合表达载体,转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,通过IPTG诱导表达,重组蛋白纯化,SDS-PAGE检测表达产物以及Western-blotting和质谱鉴定蛋白产物。结果表明,获得了1条SgUDPG1,全长为1 959 bp,开放阅读框ORF为1 365 bp,编码1条454 aa的肽链,理论分子量为51.2 kD,等电点为5.39,具有植物中次生代谢产物糖基转移酶特有的保守结构域PSPG-box motif。SgUDPG1在授粉后50 d和70 d的果实中表达逐渐升高,是对照授粉后3 d的5.16倍和13.12倍,与果实中甜苷Ⅴ含量呈相同趋势。此基因的ORF可以在大肠杆菌中表达,并且可以纯化出比理论分子量大5.3 kD的融合蛋白,通过Western-blotting和质谱鉴定,确定该蛋白属于罗汉果葡萄糖基转移酶。     

香菇新品种‘申香215’

‘申香215’香菇是从晚熟品种‘L808’中系统选育出的新品种。产量高,柄短菇大,越夏安全,属中高温型长菌龄品种,适合在全国范围内用于香菇代料栽培。     

Effects of ionic surfactants on the aggregate stability and water repellency of silt loam soil

Purpose

With the increase of surfactant usages, more and more concerns were paid on their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of soils. Up to now, only few researches have examined the effects of ionic surfactants on the stability of soil structure and soil water repellency.

Materials and methods

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactant were adopted to investigate their effects on the aggregate stability and water repellency of a silt loam soil which was sampled in Corn High-Tech Park, Huang-Huai-Hai region, China. (1) Aggregate stability: 50 g soil was mixture with 100 mL surfactant solution in a beaker. The concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0 (the blank), 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 2000 mg L^?1, respectively. After 30 min, the soil was sieved and divided into four fraction aggregates. (2) Soil water repellency: the concentrations of surfactant solutions were the same as experiment 1. Forty grams of soil was blended with 80 mL surfactant solution in an aluminum specimen. Drying the water by oven of 40 °C firstly and then by air, the whole period was about 1 week. After that, soil water infiltration and sorptivity were measured.

Results and discussion

Compared to the blank, surfactants increased the amounts of 2–0.25 and <0.053 mm aggregates of the soil and decreased the amounts of 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates of the soil. Surfactants also increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil. Except the 200 mg L^?1 treatment, CTAB promoted the soil water infiltration. All SDS treatments impeded the soil water infiltration. The soil repellency factor (R) value of the blank was 1.22, lower than the critical value of 1.95, which implied that the soil of blank treatment was free of soil water repellency. For CTAB, only 200 and 400 mg L^?1 treatment’s R were higher than 1.95 while for SDS, all the treatment’s R were higher than 1.95.

Conclusions

Surfactants improved the stability of soil aggregates. Soil treated with CTAB did not show the repellency, whereas SDS treatment resulted in intense water repellency compared with the wettable blank soil. Findings of this study can be used to explain the role of ionic surfactants on soil structure stability as well as on the development of water repellency in lower soil depths.

     

潮阳西园

西园位于广东潮阳棉城镇西环路东侧,是一座宅第庭园。为本地人萧钦所建,由萧眉仙设计。该园始建于清光绪二十四年(公元1898年),     

浅谈观赏草在园林造景中的应用

观赏草是近年来兴起的新型植物材料,在园林景观创造中具有独特作用。其种类繁多,养护管理较为简易,可应用于水体驳岸、坡面绿化、花坛、花境等多种园林环境,营造出质朴自然的景观氛围。本文讨论了观赏草的常见种类、种植养护技术、景观应用及引种栽培中应注意的若干问题等内容。     

棉花叶螨的发生及其综合防治技术措施

该文阐述了棉叶螨形态、危害症状、发生规律、传播途径和因地制宜地采取农业、化学、生物等多种手段进行综合防治技术措施。     

Impact of manure application on forms and quantities of phosphorus in a Chinese Cambisol under different land use

Purpose

It is critical to understand the effect of manure application on the availability of phosphorus (P) and the potential environmental contamination by runoff and leaching. However, previous studies generally focused on cultivated soil layer in single cropping systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure application on soil P forms and quantities to the 200 cm depth in a Chinese alkaline Cambisol in different cropping systems and the potential environmental implications.

Materials and methods

The sampling site, Shunyi District, is located in the peri-urban area of Beijing in the North China Plain, where large quantities of manure generated from intensive animal operations have been applied to agricultural fields. A field survey was carried out before sampling to identify soil sampling sites with long-term manure application and an adjacent area receiving no manure used for the same crop production. Soil samples from three cropping systems (vegetables, cereals, and trees) were vertically collected to a depth of 200 cm with the following depth increments: 0–20, 20–60, 60–90, 90–120, 120–160 and 160–200 cm. Soil samples were analyzed for plant-available P (Olsen P) and various P fractions by sequential P fractionation. Degree of P saturation (DPS) was also determined.

Results and discussion

Soil calcium bound P was the most abundant P fraction, followed by the residual P. Organic P only accounted for less than 5 % of total P in most of the soils. Manure application increased the levels of inorganic P (Pi), with higher proportions of Pi in labile forms than stable forms. After manure application for 8–15 year, available P (Olsen P) and DPS values of the 0–20 cm layer in all sites exceeded the threshold for Olsen P (60 mg?kg^?1) and DPS (30 %) and the risk of P loss by runoff is expected to significantly increase. The DPS values were generally lower than 30 % below 20 cm, indicating a minimal risk of P loss via leaching from deeper soil.

Conclusions

The results indicated that in typical peri-urban areas of the North China Plain, the on-going practice of manure application not only increased the size of each of the labile and non-labile P pools, but also caused a shift in the relative sizes of the different pools, regardless of the cropping systems. However, contrary to what was expected, soil P loss through surface runoff would be a greater concern than leaching following long-term manure amendment.     

农艺措施和除草剂用量对化感稻产量及杂草生物量的影响

为实现水稻生产减施除草剂的目标,将化感材料与农艺措施相结合取得对稻田杂草有效控制的效果,田间采用再裂区试验法研究了化感稻3号和N两优201两个水稻化感材料和非化感材料五山丝苗在不同水分管理、移栽密度和除草剂不同用量下,对水稻产量和田间杂草生物量的影响。结果表明:无论早季稻田还是晚季稻田,施用常规除草剂量的小区杂草生物量均为0,施用常规剂量50%除草剂且仅在孕穗期晒田的小区和常规密度小区有少量杂草发生。不施除草剂的水稻材料小区杂草生物量依次为化感稻3号N两优201五山丝苗。移栽后75 d,不施除草剂的小区相同水稻材料孕穗期不晒田比晒田处理、高密度比常规密度处理的杂草生物量小。早季稻田不晒田和高密度提高了水稻的产量,晚季稻田则相反。化感材料化感稻3号和N两优201在田间的抑草效果较五山丝苗要好。在水稻生产中,水稻化感材料结合农艺措施,可以实现水稻不减产,田间杂草得到有效控制,除草剂量减50%的目标。