蓝三角鱼的饲养与繁育

蓝三角鱼学名高体波鱼(Rasbora heteromorph Duncker),又称异形波鱼,隶属于鲤科鱼类;别名三角鱼、三角灯、三角旗、红三角、黑三角、异形鰂、拉斯白拉鱼等;英文名有Harlequin rasbora、Harlequin fish以及Red rasbora。     

基于核酸适配体的阳离子聚合物聚集纳米金比色法检测水中睾酮

利用核酸适配体对睾酮特异性识别功能以及阳离子聚合物PDDA(poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride,PDDA)聚集纳米金特性,建立了一种高灵敏度、高特异性测定睾酮的定量方法。在最优实验条件[10 mmol/L PB缓冲溶液(pH 7.4),孵育温度25℃,6nmol/L PDDA,6nmol/L睾酮核酸适配体]下,体系吸光度比值A_(650)/A_(520)与睾酮浓度C呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2为0.995。该方法可检测睾酮浓度范围为2.27nmol/L~1.8μmol/L,最低检测限为2.27nmol/L,将本方法应用于检测自来水睾酮含量,加标回收率为99.81%~105.04%。本方法具有检测范围广、成本低、操作简便、检测灵敏等优点,具有良好实际应用前景。     

广西巴马小型猪SP1基因克隆测序及其真核表达载体的构建

[目的]克隆广西巴马小型猪特异性蛋白1(SP1)基因,并构建其真核表达载体,为揭示其对猪生长发育的调控机理打下基础.[方法]利用RT-PCR从广西巴马小型猪背最长肌组织中扩增SP1基因,采用DNASTAR、TMHMM等分别进行基因生物信息学分析;以pEGFP-N1质粒构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1并转染293T细胞,于转染48 h后在倒置荧光显微镜下观察并拍照.[结果]克隆获得的广西巴马小型猪SP1基因与GenBank中野猪(Sus scrofa)的参考序列(XM_005652569.3)一致,未发现碱基突变位点;其编码序列(CDS)全长2340 bp,编码779个氨基酸.广西巴马小型猪SP1蛋白不存在跨膜结构,也不存在信号肽,不属于分泌型蛋白;其二级结构中α-螺旋占17.84%,延伸链占21.31%,β-转角占9.76%,无规则卷曲占51.09%.构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1能成功转染至293T细胞中并表达出绿色荧光蛋白.[结论]广西巴马小型猪SP1基因CDS序列编码蛋白主要参与细胞内活动,而非外分泌型蛋白,以SP1基因构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-SP1能转染293T细胞并成功表达,可直接用于后期SP1基因功能探索及干扰表达等研究.     

卷盘式喷灌机水涡轮发展与研究现状

为解决国产水涡轮效率低的问题,回顾了国内外卷盘式喷灌机的发展及研究历程和早期对水涡轮的研究,综述了近5 a国内研究人员围绕国产JP50和JP75两种水涡轮所开展的外特性试验、CFD分析和改进措施等研究现状.概述了国外目前常见的冲击式和径流式两种水涡轮的结构类型,重点介绍了国内学者针对引进国外的一种进口为射流冲击式结构的水涡轮所开展的创新性研究,在试验和CFD模拟的基础上,发现这种结构水涡轮的内外特性比国产水涡轮有很大提高,并通过正交试验分析了各种参数对性能的影响,采用GA_-BP优化算法进行了进一步优化设计,获得了一种优化的水涡轮模型,CFD分析和试验都证明,优化水涡轮的内外性能全面超过了国外水涡轮.最后,总结了水涡轮研究存在的不足,提出了今后对水涡轮研究的改进建议.     

基于CFD的全金属单螺杆泵非稳态流场计算及性能预测

为了得到螺杆泵内非稳态流场特性及间隙泄漏规律,采用CFD的动网格技术,针对油田使用的全金属单螺杆泵进行三维瞬态流场数值模拟,在此基础上预测计算了不同转速、压头和流体黏度条件下螺杆泵的流量、功率及总效率并与试验结果进行了对比.结果显示,螺杆泵在运行中具有显著的非稳态特性,在1个旋转周期内,流量出现的脉动次数与螺杆泵定子转子导程的比值相一致,高压头工况下的泄漏量和流量值的脉动幅度明显大于低压头工况下的情况;在计算高压头螺杆泵输入功率时,机械及容积损失不应忽略.基于CFD的性能预测和实测数据的趋势较为一致,误差在工程允许范围内,表明采用的模拟计算方法是切实可行的.     

长期水耕植稻对水稻土耕层质地的影响

为了解长期水耕植稻对南方地区水田表土层颗粒组成的影响,以浙江省为研究区,采用历史资料分析、典型样区调查及定点观察相结合的方法,研究水稻土耕作层(包括犁底层)与心土层间黏粒含量的差异,分析植稻时间对水稻土不同土层颗粒组成的影响,比较植稻期间稻田排水中泥砂物质的颗粒组成与对应土壤间的差异,探讨了长期植稻对水稻土剖面质地分异的影响。对浙江省456个代表性剖面统计,与水稻土心土层比较,耕作层和犁底层黏粒含量平均下降了14%和10%。对植稻不同时间的浅海沉积物(从10～20年至80年)、第四纪红土(从5～20年至70年)和玄武岩风化物(从5～20年至35～70年)发育的水稻土比较发现,随植稻时间的增加,耕作层和犁底层土壤砂粒含量呈现增加趋势,黏粒含量明显下降,耕作层、犁底层与心土层黏粒含量的比值逐渐下降。农田排水中泥砂物质的黏粒和粉砂含量高于对应农田土壤,而砂粒含量则低于相应的土壤。分析认为,长期水耕植稻可导致耕作层土壤砂化(即砂粒含量增加,黏粒含量下降),其原因除与水耕过程中黏粒淋淀外,排水中黏粒和粉砂细颗粒的选择性流失对耕作层砂化也有较大的贡献。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.     

Effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice in northern Jiangsu plain,China

Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings (MC) and mechanical direct seeding (MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.     

Unravelling transcriptome changes between two distinct maize inbred lines using RNA-seq

Seed size play a significant role in maize yield production. Two maize inbred lines with distinct seed size and weight, V671 (a large-seed inbred line) and Mc (a small-seed inbred line), were investigated by RNA-seq at 14 days after pollination (DAP), when maize endosperm undergoes an active transition from mitosis to storage accumulation. RNA-seq expression data showed that the small-seed line Mc had a higher storage accumulation activity, whereas the large-seed kernel line V671 possessed a higher DNA synthesis activity. An investigation of the pattern of increasing kernel width at serial DAPs showed that V671 experienced an increased kernel width later than did Mc, but the rate and duration of increase were longer in V671. SDS-PAGE of the storage proteins and quantitative RT-PCR of cell cycle-related genes and indole-3-acetic (IAA) synthesis genes certified that the transition from mitosis to storage accumulation starts earlier in Mc. We hypothesized that the difference in the mitosis-to-storage accumulation transition accounts for the larger seed size in V671 vs. Mc.     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对黑腹果蝇生长发育及繁殖的影响

研究了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对模式生物黑腹果蝇生长发育及繁殖的影响。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对黑腹果蝇的生长发育有明显抑制和致畸作用,随着其质量浓度升高,黑腹果蝇的蛹化数率和羽化数呈先增加后降低趋势,繁殖性能随着邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)质量浓度的升高表现出先升高后降低的趋势。