盐度对刺参消化酶活力的影响

本文应用酶学分析方法研究了盐度对刺参消化道内各种消化酶活力的影响.蛋白酶活力测定采用福林一酚法,脂肪酶活力测定采用水解法,淀粉酶活力和纤维素酶活力测定采用水杨酸显色法.试验结果表明,除脂肪酶外,盐度对消化道内消化酶活力具有显著影响(P＜0.05).淀粉酶和蛋白酶在盐度30时活力最大,而纤维素酶在盐度26时活力最大.     

奶牛体型线性性状与其成年奶当量相关与通径分析

本文对1990—1991年度双桥农场3个奶牛场603头荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状评分与其成年奶当量进行了相关通径分析,数据采用dBASE Ⅱ进行管理,应用Turo-Basic编程在AST-286进行计算分析。分析表明：奶牛体型线性性状中,乳房深与成年奶当量呈较强负相关r=-0．4266;尻宽与产奶量呈正相关(r=0．2939);这二者是影响成年奶当量的主要性状。     

新近发现的非典型疯牛病介绍

2004年2月《美国科学院院刊》报道了Monaco等人在2003年8月份在意大利发现的一种非典型BSE。这种非典型：BSE比人们以前所认识到的：BSE(以下称“典型BSE”)更像人CJD。     

春秋兼用家蚕品种“渝蚕1号”的育成

采用杂交育种和系统选择的方法,育成优良家蚕新品种中4、C106、日5,并与引进品种皓月组配成中4.C106×皓月.日5(渝蚕1号)的四元杂交组合。经四川省蚕品种审定的实验室鉴定和农村鉴定,该品种表现出强健、好养、发育整齐、茧丝质优良等特点,全茧量2.45 g、茧层率23.27%、解舒率75.22%,主要经济指标超过对照种。该品种已通过四川省家蚕品种审定,并在生产上试繁推广。     

陇东肉牛PON1基因结构与功能的生物信息学分析

为阐明陇东肉牛对氧磷酶1（paraoxonase 1,PON1）基因的结构与功能,本研究运用PCR扩增陇东肉牛PON1基因所有外显子序列并测序,通过Seqman软件完成序列拼接,结合生物信息学方法预测和分析其碱基组成、开放阅读框及编码蛋白的理化性质、原子组成、氨基酸残基数、亲水性和疏水性、分子质量、等电点、二级结构、高级结构等。结果显示,陇东肉牛PON1基因CDS区序列全长1 068 bp,编码355个氨基酸残基,其中数目最多的为亮氨酸（Leu）,数目最少的为半胱氨酸和色氨酸（Cys和Trp）。碱基组成中A+T含量（56.55%）高于G+C含量（43.26%）。与GenBank中牛PON1基因序列（登录号：EU289337）比对分析发现,在PON1基因外显子4、6、8、9中存在突变,但均未导致氨基酸发生变化,为同义突变。PON1蛋白的原子组成是C₁₈₁₀H₂₇₉₆N₄₅₄O₅₃₃S₁₂,分子质量为39.83 ku,理论等电点为5.24,为稳定的水溶性蛋白质。PON1蛋白二级结构中无规则卷曲、延展链、α-螺旋和β-转角分别由159、116、55和25个氨基酸构成,最终形成了以无规则卷曲和延展链为主的混合型。PON1蛋白的疏水性结果表明,第8位苏氨酸（Thr）疏水性最强（最高分值2.878）,第299位脯氨酸（Pro）亲水性最强（最低分值-2.222）。本试验结果为深入研究陇东肉牛PON1蛋白功能及探讨PON1基因突变对甘肃地方肉牛胴体、肉质性状的影响奠定基础。     

日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽S－转移酶小鼠免疫试验

用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析柱纯化中国大陆株日本血吸虫成虫谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）。把纯化的ＧＳＴ结合福氏性剂免疫了二批达ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，获得了２９．５８～３２．７１％的减虫率和５２．９４～６８．１３％的粪便减卵率。ＥＬＩＳＡ试验表明免疫小鼠产生了体液免疫应答，免疫印迹试验（ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ）显示日本血吸虫水溶性成虫抗原和ＧＳＴ抗原的２６、２８ｋＤ蛋白被免疫小鼠血清所识别。     

广东省鹅反季节繁殖和生产经济效益分析

广东省是我国主要养鹅省份之一，年出栏约4000多万只商品肉鹅。省内所产的四个地方鹅种如马岗鹅、乌鬃鹅、阳江鹅和狮头鹅，都具有明显的繁殖季节性，表现为从每年的7～8月份进入繁殖产蛋期，至次年的3～4月份进入休产期，全年的产蛋最高峰发生于12月至1月份。季节性繁殖活动造成了雏鹅生产和供应显著的季节性变化，严重困扰了以持续稳定生产为特点的规模化肉鹅生产和新兴的鹅肉食品加工业发展。     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.