Regeneration strategies influence ground bryophyte composition and diversity after forest clearcutting

Context

Natural regeneration with broadleaved species and reforestation with coniferous trees are two widely practiced forest regeneration strategies after timber harvesting. They lead to different tree species composition and may cause different understory biodiversity, but the effects on ground bryophyte composition and diversity are not well-known.

Aims

We tested whether natural regeneration with broadleaved species and reforestation with spruce induced different diversities of the ground bryophyte populations 20–40 years after old-growth spruce forest clearcutting in the subalpine regions of southwestern China.

Methods

Differences between natural stands and plantations were compared through the analysis of 13 paired stands, with 78 plots, 390 shrub/herb quadrats, and a total of 1,560 bryophyte quadrats.

Results

Naturally regenerated forests were characterized by lower density and cover and lower tree height but higher herbaceous plant height, shrub cover, and bryophyte diversity. They also harbored many more ground bryophytes. The species richness of pleurocarpous mosses and fans, mats, and turfs were significantly higher in naturally regenerated forests. Frequency difference analysis demonstrated that more bryophyte species preferred ground habitats in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations (116 vs. 48 species). The canonical correspondence analysis indicated that stand structure attributes were more important determinants of ground bryophyte diversity and abundance.

Conclusion

Natural regeneration and reforestation resulted in large differences in ground bryophyte populations. A larger diversity was observed in the former case, and natural regeneration practices can be an effective measure for the protection of ground bryophyte diversity after clearcutting.     

六种检疫性储粮豆象防治研究进展

近年来,在进口货物上截获到很多的豆象,防治困难.本文介绍了莱豆象、巴西豆象、灰豆象、鹰嘴豆象、四纹豆象、绿豆象等几种检疫性豆象防治的研究进展.     

不同甘蔗品种（系）的产量构成因素及品质比较

以新台糖22号为对照（CK）,对参试的9个甘蔗品种（系）进行田间一年新植和一年宿根的品比试验,调查参试品种（系）的农艺性状、抗逆性状及产量构成性状,对其进行综合评价。结果表明,9个参试品种（系）比CK增产增糖的品种（系）有6个,其中桂热2号和凉蔗02-186的分蘖率、宿根发株率、蔗茎产量、含糖量和有效茎数等较CK有明显的优势,福农41号的枯心苗率和梢腐病率最高,凉蔗07-53、凉蔗03-23和凉蔗03-81蔗糖分偏低,其他材料与CK差异不大。通过产量和总含糖量综合分析,桂热2号、凉蔗02-186、桂糖42号表现优异,适宜在广西南宁地区及气候相似蔗区大面积推广应用。     

Selection of wild Cicer accessions for the generation of mapping populations segregating for resistance to ascochyta blight

In order to determine genetically diverse parents for the generation of mapping populations segregating for resistance to ascochyta blight in wild Cicer species, the genetic diversity between a selection of resistant and susceptible accessions was assessed using molecular markers. Twenty Cicer accessions — comprising eight C. reticulatum accessions, six C. echinospermum accessions, five C. bijugum accessions, and one C. arietinum accession — were compared using a combination of seven RAPD primers and seven ISSR primers. A total of 231 polymorphic bands were scored and used to determine the genetic distances between accessions using Jaccard similarity coefficients. The most genetically diverse parents for the generation of intraspecific and interspecific populations segregating for resistance to ascochyta blight are reported. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与不同类型品种杂种的遗传及优势分析

利用转基因抗虫棉sGK9708与7个常规棉、7个优质棉、8个转Bt基因抗虫棉和6个彩色棉品系分别配制杂交组合,对其性状的遗传效应和杂种优势进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)常规棉、优质棉和转基因抗虫棉类型的子棉产量以显性效应为主,加性效应也起较大作用,纤维品质性状的遗传变异主要来自于加性效应。(2)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状以加性效应起主导作用,纤维品质等性状的遗传变异受显性和加性效应共同控制。(3)转基因抗虫棉类型的衣分和铃重具有极显著的显性效应,常规棉类型以加性效应为主导,优质棉和彩色棉类型由加性和显性效应共同决定。(4)彩色棉类型的子棉产量性状具有负向群体超亲优势,纤维长度和强度具有一定的正向群体超亲优势。     

武汉城市森林常见木本植物物候研究——以九峰国家森林公园为例

为研究武汉城市森林常见植物物候节律特征,以武汉九峰国家森林公园内的18种常见树种为观测对象,基于连续3年的物候观测数据开展主要树种物候特性研究,绘制树种物候图谱,并分析物候现象间的相关性。利用主成分分析法分析树种物候期与温度和降水等环境因子的关系,其中影响萌动期、展叶期、开花期和果实或种子成熟期的主要环境因子为≥5℃的积温、平均气温和累积降雨量,落叶期的主要环境因子为平均气温、平均降雨量及≥5℃的积温,且不同环境因子在不同物候期存在正反效应的差异。利用系统聚类分析的方法对萌动期、展叶期、开花期和果实或种子成熟期进行物候型聚类,初步确定萌发型3个、展叶型2个、开花型3个、果实成熟型3个,而且按照“萌动型—展叶型—开花型—果实成熟型”进行链接和归并,18种树种共划分出9个物候类型。本研究有助于了解武汉地区常见树种物候变化特征,为城市森林树种筛选、林木培育管理以及效益评价提供科学依据。     

棉花盐胁迫下叶片miRNAs的鉴定与分析

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类21~24个核酸长度的非编码小分子RNA(sRNA,small RNA),通过介导目标mRNA的切割或者抑制翻译来调节植物基因的表达。本文利用200 mmol·L-1NaCl分别处理3叶期耐盐品系早熟长绒7号和盐敏感品系南丹巴地大花4 h,构建了4个小RNA文库并测序。以雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii L.)D5基因组和本实验室陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)盐胁迫转录组测序拼接得到的序列作为参考,共发现360个miRNA,包括308个保守的miRNA和52个可信度高的新miRNA。2个品系共出现94个差异表达的miRNA,表达模式可分为2大类,筛选出20个候选miRNA。KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)分析表明,耐盐品系显著富集的信号通路是抗原加工过程,而盐敏感品系显著富集的是生物碱合成途径。     

2013—2014年广西甘蔗品种区域试验总结

为改善广西蔗区甘蔗品种结构单一化局面,加速品种的更新换代。对广西甘蔗新品种在2013—2014年区域试验中的产量、蔗糖分的稳定性和适应性以及农艺性状等表现进行分析和评价,筛选出综合性状表现优良的甘蔗新品种推荐审定和充实蔗区。2年新植1年宿根的试验结果表明,12个参试材料中,‘GT06-244’、‘GT06-1721’、‘GT07-994’、‘LC05-136’和‘GT06-3283’综合表现较好,平均蔗茎产量比对照增产20.20%、10.59%、8.94%、3.15%和1.60%,平均蔗糖分比对照分别高0.16、0.17、0.46、0.93和0.36个百分点。‘GT06-244’表现高产、中糖,稳定性好,极易脱叶;‘GT06-1721’表现高产、中糖,抗病性好,抗倒性强;‘GT07-994’和‘LC05-136’表现早熟、高产、高糖,宿根性好;‘GT06-3283’表现中产、高糖。上述品种均达到广西糖料蔗推荐审定标准,可根据生产的需要,在适宜地区进一步示范种植和推广应用。     

辊压浸注压缩次数对木材防腐性能和力学性能的影响

使用DDAC和ACQ两种水溶性防腐剂对大青杨板材进行两个压缩方向(径向和弦向)、3种辊压次数(1、3、5次)的辊压浸注处理,研究辊压压缩次数对处理材的防腐性能和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:辊压压缩次数与处理材的载药量呈正相关,与质量损失率呈负相关,辊压浸注DDAC(质量分数1.5%)5次的载药量可达到15.423 kg·m-3,辊压浸注ACQ(质量分数1.5%)5次的质量损失率可低至10.01%,载药量和质量损失率的变化量随着压缩次数的增加而减小;随着辊压压缩次数的增加,木材的力学强度降低,下降的幅度逐渐收窄,压缩率30%,弦向压缩,压缩5次时,处理材的冲击韧性下降22.741%。     

外源SA对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响

为研究外源水杨酸(SA)对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环以及对李花抗寒性的影响,以‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’2个品种为试材,以喷水处理为对照,研究了喷施适宜浓度的外源水杨酸(SA)对-2℃低温处理4h后2个品种的李花H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度以及对抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中酶及抗氧化物质的影响。结果表明:0.20、0.15 mmol·L~(-1)SA可以分别降低‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’的H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度,显著增强谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性,提高抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、总抗坏血酸、总谷胱甘肽质量摩尔浓度和AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG。低温胁迫下,AsA-GSH循环受到破坏,但喷施适宜浓度的外源SA可以显著增强李花的抗氧化酶活性,提高抗氧化物质质量摩尔浓度,降低李花的膜质过氧化作用,降低低温对细胞膜的破坏,维持AsA-GSH循环系统的稳定性,从而一定程度上提高李花的抗寒性。