Combining ability among male sterile two-type and restorer lines of Zinnia elegans and implications for the breeding of this ornamental species

Nineteen parental lines including five male sterile A-lines (AH002A, AH003A, AH209A, S5001A, J16A) and fourteen restorers (A1-GH, A3, S5, J6, J7N, J7J, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, J13, J14, J17) were crossed using the North Carolina II statistical method. Studies of combining ability and heritability were conducted on selected parents along with their seventy F₁ hybrids for main ornamental traits. Plant height, crown size and length of node had obvious additive genetic effects, high (>0.50) broad sense heritability and high narrow sense heritability (length of node was medium). Pedicel length showed approximately equivalent maternal and paternal additive genetic effects, high broad sense heritability and medium (0.30–0.50) narrow sense heritability. Number of whorls of ray florets across capitulum and number of branches were able to take advantage of heterosis. The relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability in Zinnia elegans depended on materials and traits. Male sterile two-type line was pivotal in the hybridization breeding of Z. elegans. S5001A, AH002A and A1-GH, A3, J14 which performed high negative GCA effects in PH, PL, LN and type I in PH, PL, NW, LN were ideal female and male parents of potted flowering plants; AH209A, J16A and S5, J10, J17 which displayed positive GCA effects and almost type I in PH, PL, LN were ideal female and male parents of cut flowers, respectively. For potted flowering plants, AH002A × J17, AH209A × A1-GH and S5001A × J6 with high negative SCA effects in PH, PL and LN were the most promising combinations, AH002A × S5, AH003A × A3 and J16A × J6 were the subprime combinations; for cut flowers, AH209A × S5, AH209A × J17 and J16A × J17 with high positive SCA effects in PH, PL and LN were the primary combinations, AH209A × J9 and S5001A × J10 were the secondary combinations.     

Comparison of metabolic profiling of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and extracts from blueberry in aged mice

The metabonomics changes of plasma and brain tissue after dietary supplementation with blueberry extracts (BBE) and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside from blueberry (BBM) in aged mice were investigated by (1)H NMR technique. The mice received intragastric administration of BBE (200 mg/kg/day), BBM (50 mg/kg/day), and saline water (0.9%) for 6 weeks, respectively, in the BBE, BBM, and control groups. At the end of the experiment, plasma and brain samples were collected for NMR analysis. The results demonstrated that the level of choline in plasma from BBE and BBM groups were obviously elevated relative to the control group, whereas the levels of lactate and phosphocholine in plasma were remarkably reduced. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of choline and GABA in the brain from the BBE group were obviously increased, whereas glutamate and phosphocholine in the BBE group were significantly decreased. The level of taurine in the brain from the BBM group was particularly higher than that in the control group. These results indicated supplementation with BBE or BBM might induce similar changes of endogenous plasma and brain metabolic profiles in aged mice.     

动物及动物产品公路运输监督现状与对策

公路是动物及动物产品运输的一条重要途径,我国在一些主要公路干线上设立了临时公路运输检疫监督站(点),对运输动物及其产品的过往车辆进行查证验物、消毒等检疫监督。但随着公路运营能力的日益增强和各地对公路运输监督检查站管理上的差异,在公路运输监督检查中存在的问题也日益复杂。     

稻草物理预处理对平菇(P.Sajor-caju)产量和稻草基质营养利用的影响

以稻草为基质培养平菇P.sajor-caju,就不同物理预处理方法(切碎和粉碎)、不同处理尺寸对平菇产量和基质营养利用效率的影响进行了试验研究。结果显示,与切碎预处理相比,粉碎处理有利于提高平菇产量和基质营养的利用效率,但过度粉碎效果并不好;当稻草粉碎成2.0cm时,平菇的产量最高;稻草基质营养的利用效率与产量之间存在对应关系,平菇产量愈高,基质中主要营养成分C、N、P、K的利用效率也就愈高。合适的粉碎预处理是提高平菇产量的简单有效的方法之一     

基于水温对肉牛生长性能影响的冬季恒温饮水系统优选

为缓解西北地区拴系肉牛在冬季产生的冷应激,提高肉牛生长性能,研究根据连通器原理设计恒温饮水系统,为牛只提供温水。试验选取西门塔尔牛作为试验牛,对饮水器内水温、肉牛的饮水行为、生理以及日增质量进行测定。试验结果表明:恒温饮水系统能为处理组牛只提供17.69℃的温水,处理组牛的日增质量为1.53 kg/(d·头),较对照组提高0.36 kg/(d·头),差异极显著(P0.01)。在处理组中,牛只饮用16~18℃的温水表现出更多的饮水次数和更好的增重效果(日增质量达到(1.69±0.44)kg/(d·头))。饮水后牛只瘤胃处体表温度处理组比对照组高3.29℃,差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,在拴系肉牛舍中采用这种恒温饮水系统能够有效改善肉牛因冬季饮用冷水造成的冷应激,并能显著提高肉牛生长性能,具有技术和经济可行性。     

白鹿原人工果树林地土壤和农耕地土壤微形态对比研究

选择白鹿原人工果树林地土壤和耕地土壤为研究对象,用偏光显微镜和Qwin软件对土壤微形态进行了观察和定量分析。结果表明:两种土壤和土壤粗颗粒的矿物组合基本一致,主要由石英和长石组成,但颗粒的形态和粒径有一定差别;林地土壤中主要是孔道和填充孔隙,孔隙壁较光滑,剖面中微形态连续变化,而耕地土壤的孔隙形态复杂,孔隙壁相对较粗糙,从上向下微结构明显变化,其中20 cm和35 cm是两个重要转折点;大量隐晶方解石反映土壤环境频繁变化,大量针状方解石出现在犁底层中下部并指示一种短期稳定的土壤环境,大量细晶方解石反映长期稳定的土壤环境。     

蜡梅花茶窨制工艺流程的初步研究

采用2因素完全随机试验设计对蜡梅花茶窨制工艺进行试验研究,对所得数据利用DPS统计软件进行结果分析,得出配花总量、窨次以及它们的交互作用对蜡梅花茶品质都有显著的影响;多重比较(LSD法)得出配花总量为76kg/100kg、2窨次的花茶感官审评得分最高,与其他处理的差异达到极显著。     

栽培因素对弱筋小麦绵阳30号品质的影响

为充分发挥弱筋小麦绵阳30号的高产、优质潜力,为大面积推广应用提供参考,特进行了两年的栽培技术研究.研究结果表明:①影响绵阳30号品质的主要因素为:施氮量＞施钾量＞密度,施磷量与追肥时期对品质影响较小.②绵阳30号的优质高效配套栽培技术模式为:播种期为10月20日至11月1日,密度为195.6～205.8万/hm2基本苗,纯氮用量81.9～88.2kg/hm2,P205用量61.5～67.5 kg/hm2,K20用量151.5～164.25kg/hm2,氮肥追肥时期以拔节期为宜(氮肥基追比为7:3).     

嗜热真菌M5的生物学特性

助堆剂中一种嗜热真菌Ｍ５的最适生长温度为４５－５０℃，ＰＨ７．５－８．０，经它分解代谢后的草料培养基及其浸出物，可以促进蘑菇菌丝的生长繁殖。Ｍ５具有堆制作用。