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51.
52.
Basso W Venturini MC Moré G Quiroga A Bacigalupe D Unzaga JM Larsen A Laplace R Venturini L 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):157-161
Wallabies and other Australian marsupials are among the most susceptible species to Toxoplasma gondii. Fatal generalized toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in two captive 3 year-old female Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) from Argentina (w 1 and w 2) with a history of sudden death. Both animals had internal joeys which died 2 days after their mothers. Serologically, both females and one adult male without clinical signs from the same enclosure (w 3) had antibody titers for T. gondii>or=800 by the modified agglutination test (MAT); another adult male (w 4) was negative (MAT titer<25). Microscopically, tachyzoites were observed associated to non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, hepatitis, myositis, myocarditis and severe enteritis in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from both w 1 and w 2. Immunohistochemically, parasites in heart, brain and liver sections of both female wallabies reacted with T. gondii antiserum. T. gondii was isolated from brain tissues of w 1 and w 2 by bioassay in mice and by culture in bovine monocytes and both isolates were cryopreserved. Genomic DNA was isolated from tachyzoites grown in cultures derived from both animals. The primer pair B22/B23 specific for T. gondii produced 115bp amplicons on poliacrylamide electrophoretic gels. Stray cats were suspected as the possible source of infection. Not all infected macropods were ill, showing that the infection may be asymptomatic and is not always fatal. A vertical infection could not be proved in the joey from w 2. As far as we know, this is the first confirmed report of toxoplasmosis in Bennet's wallabies in Argentina. 相似文献
53.
Iray Gell Antonieta De Cal Rosario Torres Josep Usall Paloma Melgarejo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(4):415-424
To evaluate the effect of conidial density of Monilinia spp. on the fruit surface on the incidence of latent infection and brown rot in peaches, eleven field surveys were performed in commercial orchards located in Cataluña, Spain over four growing seasons from 2002 to 2005, and nine surveys were conducted to determine the sources of overwintered Monilinia spp. inoculum. There was a significant positive relationship (r?=?0.69) between the numbers of conidia of Monilinia spp. on the fruit surface and the incidence of latent infections, but not with brown rot at harvest. Although mummified fruit, twigs and pits have been identified as being able to carry the pathogen from year to year in peaches grown in Spanish orchards, no relationships between any of these sources and the numbers of conidia on the fruit surface, or incidence of latent infection or brown rot were found. The effect of temperature (T), solar radiation (SR), rainfall (R) and wind speed (WS) on the area under the number of conidia of Monilinia spp. curve (AUncC) on peach surfaces was analysed. Regression analysis revealed that T, SR, R, and WS could account for 99% of the total variation in the area of the AUncC on peach surfaces. Thus, in order to reduce the incidence of latent infection and brown rot it is essential not only to remove the sources of primary inoculum but also to reduce the number of Monilinia spp. conidia on the fruit surface. Furthermore, the sources of airborne conidia of Monilinia spp. should be taken into consideration in disease management programmes in Spain. 相似文献
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55.
Salvador A. Solís‐Chávez Manuel A. Castillo‐Rivera Marcela Arteaga‐Silva Alejandra Ibáñez‐Contreras Braulio Hernández‐Godínez Andrés Morón‐Mendoza Gamaliel Mendoza‐Cuevas Axayácatl Morales‐Guadarrama Emilio Sacristan‐Rock 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(5):545-550
Osteopathologies are a result of advanced age and decreased bone density and represent a global health problem. It is therefore important to generate models for longitudinal studies of the pathophysiology in order to improve early diagnosis and develop preventive therapies. For this kind of research, the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate bone health offers advantages over other techniques since it provides more complete information. The aim of this prospective, pilot study was to obtain measurements of the left femur from a population in captivity of 32 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in order to standardize the model for future research. Healthy subjects from 5 to 28 years old were chosen. Three groups with different ages were formed as follows: (1) 5–9 years, (2) 10–19 years, and (3) 20–28 years. Semi‐automatic segmentation by threshold defined the regions of interest, which were subdivided in the range of 300–700 Hounsfield units (HU) for trabecular bone and >700 HU for cortical bone. Then, the proportional ratios of the volumes of trabecular bone and cortical bone were obtained. Significant differences (analysis of variance test) in the averages of Hounsfield units, cortical, and trabecular bone proportions from each age group proved that a decrease in bone density begins at approximately 20 years of age. The values presented here, as well as the method to obtain them from CT scans, can be used as a baseline in a primate model for long‐term research in bone pathology diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
56.
Ignacio A Gomez de Segura DMV DrMedVet Diplomate ECVAA Antonella Menafro DMV Paloma García-Fernández DMV DrMedVet Silvia Murillo DMV & Elba M Parodi† MD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):485-494
Objective To compare the analgesic and motor-blocking effects of epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in the conscious dog.
Study design Prospective, randomized, cross-over study.
Animals Six adult female Beagle dogs.
Methods Each animal received three doses of levobupivacaine or bupivacaine (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg−1 ; concentrations 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) in a total volume of 0.2 mL kg−1 by means of a chronically implanted epidural catheter. Onset, duration (through pinch response in the sacral, lumbar and toe areas) and degree of analgesia and motor-blocking status was determined with a scoring system and at regular intervals over 8.5 hours before (baseline) and after drug administration.
Results Epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine had a similar dose-dependent analgesic action with no significant differences in onset (range: 5–8 minutes), duration (bupivacaine: 42 ± 28, 135 ± 68 and 265 ± 68 minutes, and levobupivacaine: 28 ± 33, 79 ± 55 and 292 ± 133 minutes; 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) or maximum degree of analgesia. However, levobupivacaine tended to produce a shorter duration of motor block than bupivacaine and the difference in the motor to nociceptive blockade times was significant at the highest dose.
Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine produced an analgesic action similar to that of bupivacaine.
Clinical relevance Epidural levobupivacaine is suitable for clinical use in dogs, mostly at the highest dose if a high degree of analgesia is required. 相似文献
Study design Prospective, randomized, cross-over study.
Animals Six adult female Beagle dogs.
Methods Each animal received three doses of levobupivacaine or bupivacaine (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg
Results Epidurally administered levobupivacaine and bupivacaine had a similar dose-dependent analgesic action with no significant differences in onset (range: 5–8 minutes), duration (bupivacaine: 42 ± 28, 135 ± 68 and 265 ± 68 minutes, and levobupivacaine: 28 ± 33, 79 ± 55 and 292 ± 133 minutes; 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, respectively) or maximum degree of analgesia. However, levobupivacaine tended to produce a shorter duration of motor block than bupivacaine and the difference in the motor to nociceptive blockade times was significant at the highest dose.
Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine produced an analgesic action similar to that of bupivacaine.
Clinical relevance Epidural levobupivacaine is suitable for clinical use in dogs, mostly at the highest dose if a high degree of analgesia is required. 相似文献
57.
Lucía M. Campero Javier Moreno-Gonzalo María C. Venturini Gastón Moré Andrea Dellarupe Magdalena Rambeaud Ignacio E. Echaide Beatriz Valentini Carlos M. Campero Dadín P. Moore Dora B. Cano Marcelo Fort Rinaldo A. Mota Marcos E. Serrano-Martínez Carlos Cruz-Vázquez Luis M. Ortega-Mora Gema Álvarez-García 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):75-84
We carried out an inter-laboratory trial to compare the serological tests commonly used for the detection of specific Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle in Ibero-American countries. A total of eight laboratories participated from the following countries: Argentina (n = 4), Brazil (n = 1), Peru (n = 1), Mexico (n = 1), and Spain (n = 1). A blind panel of well-characterized cattle sera (n = 143) and sera representative of the target population (n = 351) was tested by seven in-house indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFATs 1–7) and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs 1–3; two in-house and one commercial). Diagnostic performance of the serological tests was calculated and compared according to the following criteria: (1) the “Pre-test information,” which uses previous epidemiological and serological data; (2) the “Majority of tests,” which classifies a serum as positive or negative according to the results obtained by most tests evaluated. Unexpectedly, six tests showed either sensitivity (Se) or specificity (Sp) values lower than 90%. In contrast, the best tests in terms of Se, Sp, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were IFAT 1 and optimized ELISA 1 and ELISA 2. We evaluated a high number of IFATs, which are the most widely used tests in Ibero-America. The significant discordances observed among the tests regardless of the criteria employed hinder control programs and urge the use of a common test or with similar performances to either the optimized IFAT 1 and ELISAs 1 and 2. 相似文献
58.
Rocío Bustamante María A. Daza Susana Canfrán Paloma García María Suárez Ignacio Trobo Ignacio A. Gómez de Segura 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):545-556
Objective
To determine the noninferior postoperative analgesic efficacy of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine following elective ovariohysterectomy in healthy bitches.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.Animals
A total of 63 healthy dogs.Methods
To provide perioperative analgesia, cimicoxib 2 mg kg?1 (orally), buprenorphine 0.02 mg kg?1 (two doses, intramuscularly), or both drugs combined, were administered. Dogs were sedated with acepromazine and anaesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. Pain was assessed with the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS), a pain numerical rating scale (NRS) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT), preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 20 and 23 hours after extubation. Sedation was also scored at the same time points. A noninferiority approach was employed to determine the efficacy of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine. Treatment groups were compared with parametric [analysis of variance (anova), t test] and nonparametric test as appropriate (Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square).Results
The GCPS, pain NRS and MNT tests demonstrated noninferiority of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine (rejection of inferiority: p < 0.001, all). Furthermore, cimicoxib provided better analgesia compared to buprenorphine alone according to the GCPS (p < 0.01) and NRS (p < 0.05), but not the MNT. Conversely, an increase in the analgesic effect when cimicoxib was combined with buprenorphine was only observed with the MNT (p < 0.01). There were no differences in rescue analgesia requirements both intra- and postoperatively between treatments. Gastrointestinal side effects were increased in dogs administered cimicoxib, whereas dogs treated with buprenorphine had higher sedation scores 1-hour postoperatively and required lower doses of propofol for the induction of anaesthesia.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Cimicoxib has noninferior postoperative analgesic efficacy compared to buprenorphine, and both drugs have comparable analgesic effects for the control of postoperative pain in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. 相似文献59.
Atherstone C. Galiwango R. G. Grace D. Alonso S. Dhand N. K. Ward M. P. Mor S. M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(1):137-147
Tropical Animal Health and Production - East Africa is undergoing rapid expansion of pig rearing, driven by increasing pork consumption. Introduction and expansion of pig production systems in this... 相似文献
60.