Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

木耳菌糠袋栽滑菇配方研究

本试验采用不同比例的木耳菌糠替代部分木屑袋栽滑菇,以培养料（木屑89%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）为对照,探讨木耳菌糠栽培滑菇的可行性。结果表明,木耳菌糠添加量25%～45%时,可缩短发菌天数,其中菌糠添加量为45%时,满袋天数仅需52 d,并且长势较好;但菌糠添加量为55%～65%时,则延长了发菌天数,而且菌丝稀疏,长势也弱。对照（CK）与木耳菌糠添加量是25%～45%时,子实体生长良好,并且出菇整齐;菌糠添加量为55%～65%,则出菇不整齐。CK的生物学效率最高,但配方4（菌糠45%、木屑34%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）的生物学效率与CK差异不大,从成本和生态效益考虑,配方4栽培滑菇具有可行性,并已在广灵县进行推广。     

卷烟感官评价三点检验Excel插件的设计和应用

为提高卷烟感官评价三点检验的易用性和实用性,采用Excel VBA设计三点检验Excel插件程序,随机生成样品编码,快速识别评价样品,自动统计分析结果,实现了卷烟感官的高效评价。     

国内外主要畜产品与饲料价格分析简

 我国正处于食物结构转型期，畜产品需求增长强劲，但畜产品和饲料价格持续上涨且容易受其他因素影响。通过分析２００８年９月－２０１３年８月国内、国际主要畜产品与饲料价格的变化规律、相关性和Ｇｒａｎｇｅｒ因果关系，结果表明，国内外畜产品和饲料价格整体呈波动上升趋势，且“食草型”畜产品价格高于“耗粮型”畜产品价格，国内主要畜产品和饲料价格均高于国际；除猪肉和牛肉价格外，畜产品和饲料价格的波动幅度整体是国内小于国际；国内猪肉和牛肉价格波动幅度较大，国际是“食草型”畜产品波动幅度较大；国际大豆价格是国内大豆价格变化的原因；国内牛肉价格和羊肉价格是大豆价格变化的原因、国内牛肉价格是豆粕价格变化的原因、玉米价格是鸡肉价格变化的原因，国际牛肉价格是大豆价格变化的原因。由此可见，农业政策、节日效应和饮食习惯等是影响畜产品价格的主导因素；因此，发展草地农业是稳定畜产品价格和确保畜产品安全的有效途径；同时，加大对农牧户的直补力度，并为其生产提供政策支持和服务。     

非线性、分形与期锌市场价格

从非线性角度研究期锌市场，运用R/S分析法对期锌市场进行分析，发现期锌市场的Hurst指数为0.6183,其价格收益率序列是分维时间序列，具有分形结构，维数为1.6174。期锌市场的平均周期长度为176天，具有强持续性和相关性。关联系数为19.47%，远远大于国外相关市场。在风险方面，期锌市场的风险比期铜市场的要小，而比股票市场的风险要大。     

溶剂抽提对柚木材色及光诱导变色的影响

【目的】柚木在阳光照射下由浅棕色转变成金黄色从而变得更加珍贵,对柚木光变色机理的研究可以增加柚木的商品价值,也是建立木材材色调控技术方法的基础,本文旨在探讨溶剂抽提对柚木光变色的影响。【方法】采用溶剂水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、苯、石油醚、苯-乙醇混合物(1:1、2:1、4:1、9:1)对柚木试样进行抽提,探究溶剂极性对柚木试样的色差的影响,然后再对抽提完的试样进行氙光光照处理,通过色差的分析探究不同溶剂抽提对柚木光诱导变色的影响。【结果】1)混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后抽提物溶液的颜色最深,极性溶剂抽提出的显色物质含量较多。2)柚木试样经抽提后可以增加柚木的明度色品指数L^*,尤其是2:1的混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后L^*增大最为显著,抽提的更完全。3)光照苯-乙醇抽提后的柚木试样,其红绿色品指数a^*增加较少,说明苯-乙醇抽提物是主要柚木试样呈现红色的物质基础。4)苯-乙醇抽提后b^*值减小较多抽提试样光照后b^*值反而增加较多,这表明苯-乙醇抽提掉的物质有可能就是木质素,木质素部分被苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提出来,抽提后光照作用下木质素更容易降解呈现出更多的黄色。【结论】溶剂抽提处理和光照处理,对柚木材色都有显著的影响。不仅苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提处理对柚木材色影响较多,而且苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提试样在进一步光照处理后材色变化也很大,其中2:1的苯-乙醇溶剂是最为合适的用于研究柚木光变色成分变化的溶剂。     

“东北农机”平台的整体架构设计

依托"东北农机"平台,分析东北地区农业机械化互联网信息领域的潜力与前景,设计全新的平台架构,并对架构做简要说明与分析。     

叶面肥对设施内葡萄生长发育的影响

本文以东北地区设施内主栽的3个葡萄品种为试材,研究了叶面肥对葡萄生长发育的影响。结果表明:叶面肥不同程度上提高了叶片叶绿素相对含量、叶片干物质量和比叶重,促进了枝条成熟、果实发育和果实品质的提高。