基于深度学习的玉米拔节期冠层识别

为了满足田间玉米植株快速识别与检测的需求,针对玉米拔节期提出了基于深度学习的冠层识别方法,比较并选取了适于玉米植株精准识别和定位的网络模型,并研制了玉米植株快速识别和定位检测装置。首先拍摄玉米苗期和拔节期图像共计3 000张用于训练深度学习模型,针对拔节期玉米叶片交叉严重的问题,提出了以玉米株心取代玉米整株对象的标记策略。其次在Google Colab云平台训练SSDLite-MobileDet网络模型。为了实现田间快速检测,开发了基于树莓派4B+Coral USB的玉米冠层快速检测装置。结果表明,田间玉米冠层识别模型精度达到91%,检测视频的帧率达到89帧/s以上。研究成果可为田间玉米高精度诊断和精细化作业管理奠定基础。     

低温等离子体耦合Fe2O3催化剂去除粮食仓储环境中磷化氢

为了探究低温等离子体（Non-Thermal Plasma,NTP）耦合催化剂对粮仓中磷化氢（PH3）的去除效果,该文采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体与催化剂耦合的反应装置,研究了NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率的影响,并对耦合反应后的催化剂进行表征,分析产物及反应机理。结果表明,载体和催化剂与NTP耦合改变了NTP的放电状态,提高了PH3去除率;不同载体负载Fe2O3后,在输入功率超过53 W时,NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率均高于无填充,Fe2O3/Al2O3与NTP耦合效果最好,去除效率达到了100%。耦合前后催化剂的表征结果表明,耦合反应之后,Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂的比表面积降低了11.23%,Fe3+/(Fe2++Fe3+)含量提高了21.06%,Osur/(Olatt+Osur+Oads)含量减少了2.24%,Fe含量降低了4.69%,P含量增加了4.34倍。产物分析表明耦合后生成的主要产物为磷酸。研究结果表明NTP耦合Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂具有很好的PH3去除效果,为粮食仓储行业去除磷化氢提供理论依据。     

基于稳定同位素特征与土壤性质的有机茶身份辨识研究

为探究云南普洱地区有机茶身份辨识特征,完善高原有机茶身份辨识技术,选取云南省普洱市的5个代表性有机种植认证茶园（ZX、LS、CYT、YS、HL）和相邻的5个常规茶园（C-1、C-2、C-3、C-4、C-5）,采集300余份茶叶和土壤样本,结合稳定同位素比例质谱仪、元素分析仪等测定茶叶和土壤的δ¹⁵N丰度、δ¹³C丰度、全氮、全碳、有机碳、碱解氮等指标,通过因子分析和判别分析的方法构建了有机茶叶同位素-土壤性质判别模型,并使用Holdout法进行验证。结果表明：不同茶园有机茶叶与相邻常规茶叶相比未表现出一致的δ¹⁵N,δ¹³C值差异规律,因此,使用单一稳定同位素因子难以鉴别有机茶。通过进一步对茶叶和土壤性质进行因子分析,筛选出6个适合判别的特征向量,构建了基于同位素特征和土壤性质的多元有机判别模型,其判别函数方程为：y=-0.081（茶叶δ¹⁵N）＋0.819（茶叶δ¹³C）＋0.093（土壤全氮）＋2.117（土壤全碳）－0.155（土壤有机碳）＋2.870（土壤pH）＋4.232,y<0.5为常规茶,判别准确度为92.3%。综上,基于同位素特征值和土壤性质参数指标构建的多元有机判别模型可实现云南省普洱市高原有机茶身份的准确判别。     

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖的几个关键问题

近年来,随着黄颡鱼养殖的不断发展,黄颡鱼苗种的供应日趋紧张.为了解决和突破这一制约黄颡鱼养殖的"瓶颈"问题,生产更多更优质的黄颡鱼苗种,保证黄颡鱼养殖稳步而快速的发展,对黄颡鱼的人工催产繁殖各地都做了大量的研究工作.     

鱼源嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药菌株整合子的分子特征

为研究嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药菌株整合子-基因盒分布及分子特征, 首先采用K-B纸片扩散法检测28株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对18种抗生素的耐药性, 然后利用PCR方法检测菌株中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型整合酶基因并对其携带基因盒序列进行分析。结果表明, 分离到的鱼源嗜水气单胞菌呈多重耐药性, 对b-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类和四环素类药物的耐药率超过60%, 而对氟喹诺酮类药物较敏感, 且菌株间耐药谱差异较大。53.57%的菌株Ⅰ类整合子阳性, 21.43%的菌株Ⅱ类整合子阳性, 整合子阳性菌株对多种药物的耐药率均高于阴性株, 且Ⅰ类整合子阳性株多重耐药率明显高于Ⅱ类整合子阳性株, 表明整合子系统在嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药性中发挥重要作用。Ⅰ类整合子基因盒以aadA、dfrA、catB家族为主, 分别介导氨基糖苷类、甲氧磺胺嘧啶类和氯霉素类药物耐药; 基因盒的排列以aadA2+dfrA12类型为主。此外, Ⅰ类整合子阳性的嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药性在不同个体间也存在较大差异, 提示多重耐药菌株的耐药表型与基因盒的类型无直接相关性。

     

Putative virulence-related genes in Vibrio anguillarum identified by random genome sequencing

The genome of Vibrio anguillarum strain H775-3 was partially determined by a random sequencing procedure. A total of 2,300 clones, 2,100 from a plasmid library and 200 from a cosmid library, were sequenced and subjected to homology search by the BLAST algorithm. The total length of the sequenced clones is 1.5 Mbp. The nucleotide sequences were classified into 17 broad functional categories. Forty putative virulence-related genes were identified, 36 of which are novel in V. anguillarum, including a repeat in toxin gene cluster, haemolysin genes, enterobactin gene, protease genes, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes, capsule biosynthesis gene, flagellar genes and pilus genes.     

Effects of glycinin on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity in juvenile golden crucian carp,Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus

This study was designed to examine the effects of glycinin on growth, digestive ability, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and gene expression levels of golden crucian carp. Golden crucian carp were fed diets containing glycinin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet. Activities of protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet, whereas malondialdehyde in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet. Furthermore, the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in proximal intestine, mid intestine and distal intestine increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet, whereas the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. The relative expressions of IL‐10 in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas all were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. In conclusion, reductions in growth, immunity and antioxidant capacity, intestine inflammation with dysfunction of digestive system occurred in golden crucian carp that fed a diet containing glycinin at 30 g/kg or higher after 8 weeks.     

池蝶蚌组织蛋白酶L1-like基因的克隆及表达特征分析

为了解淡水贝类是否存在组织蛋白酶L的亚型及其亚型的免疫相关作用,本实验利用已构建的池蝶蚌血细胞全长c DNA文库,筛选获得与之同源的EST序列,结合RACE技术进一步克隆了池蝶蚌一个新的组织蛋白酶L基因的c DNA全长,命名为Hs Cts L1-like基因(Gen Bank登录号为KF015273)。该序列全长为1280 bp,5′-非翻译区(5′UTR)为31 bp,3′-非翻译区(3′UTR)为256 bp,开放阅读框区(ORF)为993 bp,编码330个氨基酸,预测蛋白相对分子量为36.86 ku,理论等电点为6.23。序列分析结果显示,Hs Cts L1-like与其他软体动物相对应序列具有共同结构特征,包含信号肽、前肽抑制域和成熟肽三部分,在其他物种中已鉴定的Cts L签名序列标签(ERF/WNIN、GNFD、GCXGG和QCHN等)在Hs Cts L1-like中均可找到。其氨基酸序列同缢蛏Cts L1(AGL33704.1)同源性最高,达67%;与报道的三角帆蚌Cts L(ADV03094)和池蝶蚌中另一个Cts L(AEX88474)仅均为52.91%;系统进化分析表明,Hs Cts L1-like与缢蛏、长牡蛎和合浦珠母贝的Cts L1聚为一分支,推测Hs Cts L1-like属于Cts L家族中的亚型1。实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测显示,Hs Cts L1-like m RNA在肝脏中表达量最高,其次是卵巢和精巢。注射鳗弧菌后,血细胞和肝脏Hs Cts L1-like m RNA转录水平显著升高,暗示其是一个免疫有关的基因,参与了池蝶蚌的先天免疫应答反应。     

海洋底部鱼类加工行业价值链提升与优化——基于山东省鱼类企业的调研

中国是水产品加工大国,近年来水产品加工业的发展受到国际环境及国内因素制约,比较优势逐渐下降。本文基于底部鱼类加工企业的实地调查数据,采用价值链分析方法,估算我国水产加工环节中的价值增量,分析加工业中存在的问题及其制约因素,进一步提出相应的改进措施,以提升我国底部鱼类加工业的竞争优势。