Evaluation of ibuprofen contamination in local urban rivers and its effects on immune parameters of juvenile grass carp

Ibuprofen as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can be detected in the aquatic environments all over the world. This study evaluated the effects of ibuprofen on the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp at the concentration in real environments which were determined by detecting its concentrations in the surface water of local rivers. The concentration of ibuprofen ranged from 13.2 to 95.5 ng/L with a mean value of 47.9 ng/L in the surface water of local rivers detected by solid-phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Accordingly, juvenile grass carp were exposed to 4.8, 48.0 and 480.0 ng/L of ibuprofen for 14 days. The serum lysozyme activity of these fish decreased, while the serum creatinine levels were not affected after the exposure. Moreover, the mRNA expression of interleukin 6 in the skin and interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the gills was enhanced by this exposure. These results collectively suggest that ibuprofen at environmentally relevant concentration can affect the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp, providing an insight into the possibility of this contaminant to modify the immunostatus of fish.

     

南阳牛Gli3基因多态性及其与生长性状的相关性

Gli3基因是Gli-Kruppel家族中的一员,其参与的Sonic hedgehog信号通路在动物生长发育,特别是早期生长发育过程中有重要作用.利用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术研究了187头纯种南阳牛Gli3基因编码区4个位点(E4、E5、E6和E7)的多态性,发现E4和E5位点存在SSCP多态.对不同SSCP带型的对应片段进行了测序分析,共发现3个新的SNP多态位点(T123600C、T123696C和A128688G),其中第123600和第123696两个位点处于连锁状态.E5位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,E4位点处于非平衡状态.不同基因型与生长发育性状的相关性分析显示,E4位点上,CC基因型个体的六月龄体重、胸围、坐骨端宽、日增重指标显著大于TT基因型个体(P<0.05),该位点有可能作为南阳牛早期生长性状标记辅助选择的标记之一.     

A real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Verticillium dahliae in spinach seed

Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungus that causes Verticillium wilt on multiple crops in central coastal California. Although spinach crops grown in this region for fresh and processing commercial production do not display Verticillium wilt symptoms, spinach seeds produced in the United States or Europe are commonly infected with V. dahliae. Planting of the infected seed increases the soil inoculum density and may introduce exotic strains that contribute to Verticillium wilt epidemics on lettuce and other crops grown in rotation with spinach. A sensitive, rapid, and reliable method for quantification of V. dahliae in spinach seed may help identify highly infected lots, curtail their planting, and minimize the spread of exotic strains via spinach seed. In this study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was optimized and employed for detection and quantification of V. dahliae in spinach germplasm and 15 commercial spinach seed lots. The assay used a previously reported V. dahliae-specific primer pair (VertBt-F and VertBt-R) and an analytical mill for grinding tough spinach seed for DNA extraction. The assay enabled reliable quantification of V. dahliae in spinach seed, with a sensitivity limit of ≈1 infected seed per 100 (1.3% infection in a seed lot). The quantification was highly reproducible between replicate samples of a seed lot and in different real-time PCR instruments. When tested on commercial seed lots, a pathogen DNA content corresponding to a quantification cycle value of ≥31 corresponded with a percent seed infection of ≤1.3%. The assay is useful in qualitatively assessing seed lots for V. dahliae infection levels, and the results of the assay can be helpful to guide decisions on whether to apply seed treatments.     

俄罗斯鲟β-防御素基因的克隆及表达分析

β-防御素是一类富含半胱氨酸的阳离子抗菌肽,在脊椎动物免疫系统中发挥重要作用。本研究基于转录组Solexa测序结果,利用PCR和荧光定量PCR技术对俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)β-防御素基因进行了克隆和表达模式分析。结果显示,俄罗斯鲟β-防御素c DNA片段长度为333 bp,包含开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)213 bp,推测编码71个氨基酸;SMART分析显示,该基因包含23个氨基酸的信号肽、1个防御素-β-2结构域和6个保守的半胱氨酸残基,此结构与其他物种极为相似,在进化中比较保守。同源比对发现,俄罗斯鲟β-防御素与鱼类的相似度最高,为54%~60%。β-防御素基因在健康俄罗斯鲟11种组织(肝、肠、脾、头肾、胃、鳃、血液、脑、皮肤、肌肉和性腺)中均有表达,其中,在性腺和皮肤中表达量最高;病原菌嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染后可强烈影响β-防御素基因在6种免疫组织(肝、肠、脾、头肾、血液和鳃)中的时空表达。其中,在头肾中的上调表达最明显,在感染后72 h为表达峰值,达到0 h表达量的700倍。在脾、血液和肠中均有几倍至十几倍的上调,而在肝中整体呈现下调表达趋势。研究表明,β-防御素基因参与了俄罗斯鲟的免疫应答过程,本结果为俄罗斯鲟的免疫调控和病害防治研究奠定了基础。     

哑变量在燕山地区华北落叶松人工林生长模型中的应用1）

以燕山地区华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,在收集大量临时样地和解析木资料的基础上,筛选出合适的数据,根据承德市隆化县林管局、木兰林管局和塞罕坝机械林场3个地方的地区特征引入哑变量的概念,利用非线性回归的方法对华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高、材积生长过程进行拟合,结果显示3个地区华北落叶松人工林的胸径、树高、材积生长量没有显著差异。基于哑变量建立了3个地区华北落叶松人工林的胸径、树高、材积生长模型。结果表明：含有哑变量的Schumacher模型对华北落叶松人工林胸径、树高生长过程的拟合效果最好,决定系数R2分别达到了0．9941和0．9929,残差平方和分别为4．7339和6．8849;含有哑变量的二次函数对华北落叶松人工林的材积生长过程拟合最好,决定系数R2为0．9928,残差平方和为0．0023。通过对所建立生长模型的适应性检验,结果表明残差分布比较均匀,预估精度都达到95％以上,说明模型的预估效果比较好。     

降香黄檀在肇庆市属国有林场适生性评价

薇甘菊是一种危害严重的外来入侵物种,也是我国林业检疫性有害生物。文章根据薇甘菊的生物学特性,选择对菊科植物有高活性的药剂成分进行复配研制药剂,经室内和林间的药效试验,筛选出能高效防治薇甘菊且对环境安全的新药剂——24%二氯吡啶酸·2,4-滴水剂,商品名为"紫薇清"。     

Stream water quality and its influencing factor in lower order streams in upriver sections of Ashihe River

For understanding the reasons that caused the degradation of water quality in lower order streams, systematic sampling was conducted at different spatial locations aiong the low order streams （1 st-5th） of Ashihe River continuum in Maoershan Experimental Forest of Northeast Forestry University, Sharlgzhi City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The indexes of stream water quality, i.e., the pH, dissolved oxygen（DO）, turbidity, temperature, PO43-P, NO3-N and NH4^＋-N concentrations, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen （TDIN-N, including concentrations of NO3^＋-N and NH4^＋-N）, and total phosphorus （inorganic and organic phosphorous, TP） were measured and analyzed. The stream order, related environmental settings and land-use type were recorded for each sampling location. The indexes of stream water quality at different locations with different stream orders and land use types were compared by ANOVA analysis. The indexes of stream water quality at different sampling locations were analyzed by Hierarchical cluster analysis. Result showed that water quality had significant difference in different stream orders and land use types; some locations with different stream features （stream order and land use type） were grouped into same clusters, indicating that random disturbances produced the variations in water quality, which made the spatial variances of stream water quality inconsistent with the general rules.     

整秆式甘蔗收割机组合式扶起装置运动学分析

为改进整秆式甘蔗收割机对倒伏甘蔗的扶起能力,设计了一种组合式扶起装置,这种装置能把倒伏的甘蔗扶起到夹持输送口的高度.通过分析计算得出了组合式扶起装置中弧形拨指链的导轨与地面的角度、最佳转速和弧形拨指间距,推出了装置在扶起甘蔗的运动过程中的基本方程,并得出了各参数之间的关系.通过对组合式扶起装置的关键部件-圆锥形螺旋滚筒的运动分析,得出了螺旋滚筒合理的螺旋角.     

拨指链式扶蔗器漏扶问题的研究

拨指链式扶蔗器在对倒伏甘蔗扶起过程中,会出现漏扶现象.为此,通过对扶蔗器拨指运动轨迹进行理论研究,得到扶蔗器扶蔗的临界条件,建立了拨指链式扶蔗装置不漏扶的数学模型.在此基础上,运用ADAMS软件对拨指尖离地高度对扶蔗的影响进行了虚拟单因素试验.试验结果与理论分析吻合,证明所建立模型的可靠性.     

大豆分离蛋白成膜性研究

该文通过单因素试验和正交试验对大豆分离蛋白的成膜性进行研究。结果表明，大豆分离蛋白浓度、增塑剂(甘油)、还原剂(Na₂SO)、交联剂(谷氨酰胺转胺酶)对膜的性能有较大影响，最佳处理条件为：大豆分离蛋白5.0%、甘油1.5%、Na₂SO₃ 0.1%、TG酶0.2%，大豆分离蛋白浓度对膜性能影响最大，其次是甘油含量，Na₂SO₃和TG酶的浓度对膜性能影响较小。