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31.
Resistance to antimicrobial agents and prevalence of R plasmids in Pasteurella multocida from swine. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Twenty-nine field isolates of porcine Pasteurella multocida were characterized for their capsular and somatic types and were evaluated for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. Plasmid DNA-screening experiments were conducted to determine whether a relationship existed between the presence of plasmids and antibiotic resistance. Field isolates of P multocida were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested, but all isolates were resistant to clindamycin. Eleven isolates of serogroup D were resistant to 1 or 2 antimicrobial agents. Resistance to sulfonamides and streptomycin was observed in 7 isolates. These isolates contained R plasmids conferring resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. The R plasmids belonged to 2 groups, one of 5.6 kilobase and the other of 5.9 kilobase. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA hybridization revealed that these R plasmids were related to RSF1010 from Salmonella panama, which also confers resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. 相似文献
32.
When paprika fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) were allowed to dry in the sun, on the plant itself, before harvest, there was a considerable increase in the dry matter content of the subsequently harvested fruit, along with a decrease in the total fresh yield. The dry matter yield did not vary during the drying period, but the colour intensity of the fruit increased continuously. Early cessation of irrigation accelerated the drying rate and intensified fruit colour, but lowered the total dry matter yield.Removal of seeds, placenta parts and stalk after harvest increased fruit colour intensity but lowered yields.Leaving fruit to dry in the sun before harvest resulted in a considerable saving in transport and storage volume, as well in the amount of energy required otherwise to dry the fruit in the dehydration plant. It also opens up possibilities of once-over mechanized harvesting of high quality fruit. 相似文献
33.
Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers:
Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption:
initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of
the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located
in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the
major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the
moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial
level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared
with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was
less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population
levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated
and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control
codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial
insecticide sprays. 相似文献
34.
Genomic relatedness among Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains of sterotypes 1 and 5 isolated from healthy and diseased pigs. 下载免费PDF全文
S Chatellier J Harel D Dugourd B Chevallier M Kobisch M Gottschalk 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1999,63(3):170-176
Forty-four Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates recovered from both healthy and diseased pigs were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and apx toxin gene typing. Nine RAPD types and 14 PFGE patterns were identified. No common RAPD or PFGE patterns were found between strains of serotype 1 and those of serotype 5. The RAPD analysis indicated that the 15 serotype 1 strains isolated from diseased pigs were assigned to 4 RAPD types, with 66% of strains characterized by the same RAPD type. By contrast, the 5 strains of serotype 1 isolated from healthy carriers were dispersed in 4 RAPD types. These data suggest that the diversity of strains isolated from healthy pigs could be higher than that of strains recovered from diseased pigs. In addition, all serotype 5 strains exhibited a unique RAPD type. Unlike RAPD, PFGE analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of serotype 1 and among those of serotype 5. All but 3 isolates showed the same apx genotype as their respective serotype reference strain. These data indicate that RAPD analysis is a valuable rapid tool for routine subtyping of strains of serotype 1. For strains of serotype 5, a combination of several typing methods, such as PFGE and apx gene typing, is needed to provide useful information on the molecular epidemiology of swine pleuropneumonia. 相似文献
35.
M Gottschalk A Lebrun S Lacouture J Harel C Forget K R Mittal 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(5):444-449
In the present study, the characterization of 3 atypical isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is presented. Two isolates (1B and 27E) showed positive reactions in coagglutination, immunodiffusion, and indirect hemagglutination tests for serotypes 1 and 7, whereas the third isolate (26B) reacted with antisera to serotypes 1, 4, and 7. These atypical isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae possessed a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigenically related to serotype 1 as well as an O-chain lipopolysaccharide antigenically related to serotype 7 or to serotypes 4 and 7, as shown by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Results of toxin profile and virulence assays for mice and pigs showed them to be more related to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 field isolates. All 3 isolates induced antibodies mainly against serotype 7/4 O-long-chain lipopolysaccharide (LC-LPS) and, to a lesser extent, to the CPS of serotype 1, in experimentally infected pigs. Diagnostic laboratories that use a LC-LPS-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae infection in swine would probably diagnose herds infected with these atypical isolates as being infected by A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 7 or 4, whereas those that use a CPS-based ELISA would probably consider them as infected by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. 相似文献
36.
Isabelle Lanthier Michel Hébert Donald Tremblay Josée Harel André D Dallaire Christiane Girard 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(4):326-329
A case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a captive 4-month-old Arctic wolf (Canis lupus) is described. The animal had vomiting, anorexia, and ataxia before death. Histopathology revealed multifocal severe renal lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis, mostly affecting small arterioles, with fibrinoid degeneration of some vessel walls. Many small foci of gliosis were detected in the cerebral cortex. West Nile virus was demonstrated in the kidneys and cerebrum by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The described renal changes represent a novel pathological finding of WNV infection. 相似文献
37.
Dogan B Rishniw M Bruant G Harel J Schukken YH Simpson KW 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):163-170
Escherichia coli infection is one of the most common causes of bovine mastitis in well managed dairies. Although E. coli infections are usually transient, E. coli can also cause persistent intramammary infections. We sought to determine whether E. coli isolates recovered from either transient or persistent intramammary infections differed both genetically and in their ability to invade mammary epithelial cells. E. coli isolates from transient (EC(trans), n=16) and persistent (EC(pers), n=12) mastitis cases were compared for differences in overall genotype, virulence genes, serotype, phylogroup (A, B1, B2, D), and invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells, MAC-T by microarray analysis, suppressive subtractive hybridization, PCR and gentamicin protection assays. EC(trans) and EC(pers) were diverse in overall genotype and serotype, and were predominantly of phylogroups A and B1. Both EC(trans) and EC(pers) contained genes encoding type II, IV and VI secretion systems, long polar fimbriae (lpfA) and iron acquisition, and lacked genes associated with virulence in diarrheagenic E. coli. EC(trans) had fewer virulence genes than EC(pers) (p<0.05), but no individual virulence genes were unique to either group. In phylogroup A, EC(pers) were more invasive than EC(trans) (p<0.05), but no difference was observed between them in phylogroup B1. Enhanced epithelial cell invasion was associated with lpfA (p<0.05). Our findings indicate that a genetically diverse group of E. coli is associated with transient and persistent mastitis. We did not identify a set of bacterial genes to account for phenotypic differences. However, we found that mastitis phenotype, phylogroup and presence of lpfA were associated with the ability to invade cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells. 相似文献
38.
PH-dependent forms of red wine anthocyanins as antioxidants 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Lapidot T Harel S Akiri B Granit R Kanner J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):67-70
Anthocyanins are one of the main classes of flavonoids in red wines, and they appear to contribute significantly to the powerful antioxidant properties of the flavonoids. In grapes and wines the anthocyanins are in the flavylium form. However, during digestion they may reach higher pH values, forming the carbinol pseudo-base, quinoidal-base, or the chalcone, and these compounds appear to be absorbed from the gut into the blood system. The antioxidant activity of these compounds, in several metal-catalyzed lipid oxidation model systems, was evaluated in comparison with other antioxidants. The pseudo-base and quinoidal-base malvidin 3-glucoside significantly inhibited the peroxidation of linoleate by myoglobin. Both compounds were found to work better than catechin, a well-known antioxidant. In a membrane lipid peroxidation system, the effectiveness of the antioxidant was dependent on the catalyst: In the presence of H(2)O(2)-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency of the antioxidant was malvidin 3-glucoside > catechin > malvidin > resveratrol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratrol > malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin > catechin. The pH-transformed forms of the anthocyanins remained effective antioxidants in these systems, and their I(50) values were between 0.5 and 6.2 microM. 相似文献
39.
Restriction endonuclease analysis of porcine Pasteurella multocida isolates from Quebec 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
We have used restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of genomic DNA to classify porcine Pasteurella multocida isolates with similar capsular and somatic serotypes, and to monitor the distribution of isolates from 12 different herds in Quebec. Within herds, P. multocida isolates of similar capsular and somatic serotypes showed similar REA fingerprints. Between herds, some isolates had similar REA fingerprints. However, differences in REA enabled subtyping of many P. multocida isolates with the same antigen types. Our data indicate that REA would enable accurate epidemiological typing of P. multocida in conjunction with classical capsular and somatic typing. 相似文献
40.
Borochov-Neori H Judeinstein S Harari M Bar-Ya'akov I Patil BS Lurie S Holland D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5325-5334
Worldwide pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) production has expanded greatly due to recent evidence on the fruit health attributes. The fruit's unique red color, conferred by anthocyanins, is an imperative sensory quality. Climate effects on the fruit's internal color were reported earlier. The present study investigated the influence of a wide range of temperature regimes (~7-40 °C) on pomegranates' aril anthocyanins. The study included two deciduous and two evergreen accessions as well as desert and Mediterranean orchards. RP-HPLC analysis of the arils' anthocyanins revealed mono- and diglucosylated delphinidins and cyanidins as the major anthocyanins and pelargonidins as minor components. Anthocyanin accumulation changed inversely to the season's temperatures. Cyanidins were generally more abundant but delphinidin accumulation was enhanced in cooler season. Monoglucosylated anthocyanins prevailed at cooler temperatures and subsided during seasonal warming with a concomitant increase in diglucoside proportion. The findings can benefit breeding and agricultural efforts to enhance pomegranate quality, especially in the face of "global warming". 相似文献