Activity and requirement of selected amino acids in growing female pigs. 4. Combination of protein sources with lysine, methionine/cystine and threonine limitation

On the basis of the results of 3 previous articles on the efficiency of amino acids in single protein sources a total of 16 protein sources was tested maintaining the limitation relations of the combination partners with regard to the additivity of the efficiencies of lysine, methionine/cystine and threonine. The results of the N metabolism measurements with a total of 60 female pigs of the country breed type (30...55 kg live weight) allow the conclusion that additive relations and thus suitable correction possibilities exist for the gross amino acid content through the amino acid efficiency for the calculation of requirement and requirement meeting. The N utilization model used (GEBHARDT 1963) is in its further development confirmed as the basis of amino acid efficiency.     

一种风能电能两用式粮仓通风干燥装置方案设计

对利用风能作能源进行粮仓通风干燥的可行性作了分析探讨，提出了一种风能电能两用式粮仓通风装置的方案设计，着重分析了设计中应注意的几个问题，举例说明了设计方案。     

钟山县牛品种改良工作的调查

为了优化畜牧产业结构,钟山县从2001年开展牛品种改良工作,效果显著,全县养牛业以品改为切入点,形成向集约化养殖发展的良好态势,促进了农村经济发展和农民增收。     

美国法律法规制定程序

在美国,国会通过的是法律授权,由总统签署后变成法律,联邦政府部门根据法律给予的授权制定实施法律的法规、规章。联邦政府部门制定法规时,要遵守《行政程序法》(Administra-tive Procedure Act,APA)规定的要求,还要考虑立法对小企业的影响(管理灵活性法,The Regu-latory Flexibility Act),对环境的影响(国家环境政策法,The National Environmental Policy Act),对法规中包含的任何信息收集的必要条件的影响(减少文书工作法,The Paperwork Reduction Act)等。APA规定了制定法规、规章的要求,包括联邦机构制定、修改或废除某项法规…     

FOXBASE命令文件调试中常见的问题及相应解决办法

本文就初学者利用FOXBASE关系型数据库编写财务应用程序时,容易出现的一些问题和错误,从语法、变量、结构、中间步骤及程序运行等几方面加以指正说明。     

磷脂活化脂肪粉在哺乳母猪饲料中的应用

随着养猪业不断发展，养猪生产者一直在努力寻求营养途径，改善猪的生产性能和提高利润。其途径之一是补充日粮脂肪以提高母猪的泌乳量，减少哺乳期体重损失。哺乳母猪的采食量可能不足以满足泌乳需要，导致母猪处于能量负平衡并动用体贮存。泌乳期体脂肪和体蛋白的损失能够引起繁殖功能障碍，如异常发情，发情推迟，延长断奶至发情间隔，降低受胎率，增加淘汰率。妊娠后期和泌乳期补充日粮脂肪，能增加母猪的泌乳量，提高初乳和常乳中脂肪含量，增加仔猪成活率和缩短母猪断乳至配种间隔时间。Gunther(1996)报道，母猪饲料中补充8 %的两种…     

Larval paralysis as an in vitro assay of levamisole and morantel tartrate resistance inOstertagia

The paper describes a method for detecting levamisole and morantel tartrate resistance by determining the percentage of paralysed third stage larvae in serial dilutions of anthelmintic. Levamisole resistantOstertagia spp. had a smaller proportion of larvae undergoing tonic paralysis in either levamisole or morantel tartrate than did a non-resistant strain. The dose response thus obtained for a strain of worms can be tested statistically against strains which are known to be resistant or non-resistant.Commonwealth of Australia     

Pig major acute-phase protein and apolipoprotein A-I responses correlate with the clinical course of experimentally induced African Swine Fever and Aujeszky's disease

In the present work, we studied the acute phase protein response after experimental virus infection in pigs. The animals were experimentally infected with African Swine Fever (ASF) or Aujeszky's disease (AD) viruses. The clinical course of ASF infection correlated with increasingly high levels of pig Major Acute-phase Protein (pig-MAP) (mean value of 6 mg/mL on day 6 post infection (p.i.), from 6 to 9 times higher than day 0) and sharp apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) decrease (mean value of 0.5 mg/mL, from 4 to 10 times lower than day 0 on day 4 p.i.). AD-clinical signs appeared at day 3 p.i., both in vaccinated (moderate clinical signs) and non-vaccinated pigs (severe outcome within 48 h p.i.). Pig-MAP and apo A-I profiles also followed clinical signs (changing from 0.70 mg/mL to around 3 mg/mL and from around 3 mg/mL to 0.96 mg/mL, respectively in non-vaccinated animals), with minor changes in concentration in the vaccinated group. Haptoglobin levels significantly increased in ASF and AD infected animals (mean maximum values of 2.77 and 3.96 mg/mL, respectively). Minor differences for the C-Reactive Protein in the case of ASF were observed, whereas its concentration increased more than 7 times in AD-infection. The albumin level was not modified in either case. The correlation of clinical signs to our data suggests the potential use of pig-MAP and apo A-I in monitoring infections in swine.     

Weaned piglets display low gastrointestinal digestion of pea (Pisum sativum L.) lectin and pea albumin 2

A study was conducted to investigate the biochemistry of digestion of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) albumins and globulins in the stomach and along the small intestine of weaned piglets with a particular emphasis on the respective roles of these compartments in pea protein digestion. Twenty-four piglets were weaned at 28 d of age. They were allocated to 2 diets (control and pea) and 3 slaughter times (3, 6, or 9 h after the last meal) in a 2 x3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design. Pea flour provided 30% of total dietary protein in the pea diet. The diets were fed for 2 wk after weaning. After slaughter, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) compartments were weighed, digesta were collected, and pH was measured. Digesta from the stomach and cranial, middle, and caudal small intestine (SI) were extracted for soluble proteins and analyzed for specific pea proteins using SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry. Tissue weight of the whole GIT (P = 0.015), cecum (P <0.001), and colon (P <0.001) was greater in the pea diet. Digesta pH in the stomach and caudal SI was lower (P = 0.02) in the pea diet than the control diet. In the stomach, vicilin, lectin, and pea albumin 2 were not digested, whereas legumin was only partly digested. Legumin and vicilin were totally digested in the SI in less than 3 h. A resistant peptide of 15 kDa located at the N-terminus of pea albumin 2 was transiently detected at 3 h. A protein band at 20 kDa was consistently identified as lectin. It was present in high intensity in intestinal digesta of pea-fed piglets at all times after the meal compared with those fed the control diet (P <0.001). Various proteins of, presumably, endogenous origin displayed differential digestion patterns between the control and the pea-fed piglets (P<0.05). In conclusion, differences in digestion between specific pea proteins were observed along the GIT of piglets. They could be partly explained by differences in protein digestion in the stomach.