Mechanism of actin-based motility

Spatially controlled polymerization of actin is at the origin of cell motility and is responsible for the formation of cellular protrusions like lamellipodia. The pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, which undergo actin-based propulsion, are acknowledged models of the leading edge of lamellipodia. Actin-based motility of the bacteria or of functionalized microspheres can be reconstituted in vitro from only five pure proteins. Movement results from the regulated site-directed treadmilling of actin filaments, consistent with observations of actin dynamics in living motile cells and with the biochemical properties of the components of the synthetic motility medium.     

蒙脱石/聚丙烯酰胺插层复合材料的制备及结构表征

利用蒙脱石层间域活性，合成蒙脱石／聚丙烯酰胺（Mntmorillonite-PAM)插层复合物，并用X－射线衍射，傅立叶变换红外光谱，差热分析等分析测试手段对插层复合物的结构进行表征。     

An assessment of genetic diversity and population structures of fifteen Vietnamese indigenous pig breeds for supporting the decision making on conservation strategies

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The study aimed to characterize genetic diversity, genetic clusters, and phylogenetic relationships of 15 Vietnamese indigenous pig breeds across the country...     

Plasma diagnosis from thermal noise and limits on dust flux or mass in comet giacobini-zinner

Thermal noise spectroscopy was used to measure the density and temperature of the main (cold) electron plasma population during 2 hours (1.5x10(5) kilometers perpendicular to the tail axis) around the point of closest approach of the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) to Comet Giacobini-Zinner. The time resolution was 18 seconds (370 kilometers) in the plasma tail and 54 seconds (1100 kilometers) elsewhere. Near the tail axis, the maximum plasma density was 670 per cubic centimeter and the temperature slightly above 1 electron volt. Away from the axis, the plasma density dropped to 100 per cubic centimeter (temperature, 2x 10(4) K) over 2000 kilometers, then decreased to 10 (1.5x 10(5)K) over 15,000 kilometers; outside that region (plasma tail), the density fluctuated between 10 and 30 per cubic centimeter and the temperature between 1x 10(5) and 4 x10(5) K. The relative density of the hot population rarely exceeded a few percent. The tail was highly asymmetrical and showed much structure. On the other antenna, shot noise was recorded from the plasma particle impacts on the spacecraft body. No evidence was found of grain impacts on the antennas or spacecraft in the plasma tail. This yields an upper limit for the dust flux or particle mass, indicating either fluxes or masses in the tail smaller than implied by the models or an anomalous grain structure. This seems to support earlier suggestions that these grains are featherlike. Outside the tail, and particularly near 10(5) kilometers from its axis, impulsive noises indicating plasma turbulence were observed.     

富铬酿酒酵母的单倍体原生质体复合诱变选育

对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)单倍体菌株SY8的原生质体进行紫外线(UV)和微波(MW)复合诱变,获得1株高抗性突变菌株SY8-4-29,其Cr3+抗性水平为20 mmol/L,是出发菌株(5 mmol/L)的4倍,其铬含量为6.211 mg/kg,约是出发菌株(1.265 mg/kg)的5倍,拮抗紫外线6、0Co辐射和清除羟基自由基的能力显著增强。50世代培养结果表明,其遗传稳定性在95%以上。     

大棚油桃缺铁黄化的诊断与矫治

【目的】明确陕西杨凌大棚油桃出现黄化现象的原因,通过对喷施铁制剂矫正效果的比较,筛选出理想的铁制剂用于果树缺铁黄化病防治。【方法】以陕西杨凌穆家寨发生黄化的大棚油桃为研究对象,采用土壤诊断和叶片诊断等方法确定黄化病的原因,并以清水为对照喷施不同铁制剂(FeSO4、EDTA-Fe、柠檬酸-Fe、腐殖酸-Fe和复合氨基酸-Fe)进行矫治,检测其对油桃叶片叶绿素和有效铁含量及光合作用指标的影响。【结果】油桃黄化的原因是缺铁;不同的铁制剂对油桃黄化的矫治效果有差异,其中以EDTA-Fe、柠檬酸-Fe和复合氨基酸-Fe的处理效果最好,显著提高了油桃叶片的叶绿素和有效铁含量,提高了油桃的净光合速率、单叶水分利用效率和RuBP羧化酶效率。【结论】柠檬酸-Fe和复合氨基酸-Fe是矫治油桃缺铁黄化经济的铁制剂。     

Effect of cattle management practices on raw milk quality on farms operating in a two-stage dairy chain

In many developing countries, milk production varies greatly according to farm size, cattle breed, and milking practices. However, production systems often are dominated by smallholder farms. Therefore, relatively small volumes of milk are delivered daily from numerous farms to intermediate cooperatives which supply industrial units. This paper argues that in such two-stage dairy chains, milk quality could be improved by focusing on farming practices rather than on the testing of individual deliveries. Indeed, it is difficult to analyze their quality due to technical, economic, and logistic limitations. The objective of this study is to link on-farm practices with milk chemical quality parameters (fat and protein) and hygienic quality criteria (Aerobic Plate Count, APC and Coliforms). Cattle management practices were monitored monthly over one year on 23 farms located on an irrigation scheme in Morocco. 276 milk samples were analyzed. The monthly variability of milk quality parameters was then characterized. Results show that average cow milk chemical parameters vary within a normal range. They remain primarily linked to the genetic type of cows, the lactation stage, and the conversion of feed concentrates’ net energy into milk. Overall milk hygienic quality was poor (APC and Coliforms counts were 100 fold international norms), due essentially to a lack of hygiene and inadequate milking conditions (hands, udder, and teat washing, type of bucket used, dirtiness of cows...). It is suggested that a close monitoring of herd management practices may allow the indirect control of milk quality parameters, thereby avoiding costly analyses of numerous smallholder milk deliveries.     

钟山县牛品种改良工作的调查

为了优化畜牧产业结构,钟山县从2001年开展牛品种改良工作,效果显著,全县养牛业以品改为切入点,形成向集约化养殖发展的良好态势,促进了农村经济发展和农民增收。     

基于相似性分析的中低分辨率复合水稻种植面积测量法

 【目的】利用遥感技术获取大范围水稻种植面积是遥感技术在农业领域的主要应用方向之一。本研究的目的是探索利用多尺度遥感数据复合测量水稻种植面积的方法。【方法】以SPOT5数据的水稻识别结果作为样本,构建图像相似性指数,通过支持向量机（SVM）混合像元分解模型,对MODIS-EVI时间序列数据进行水稻的种植面积测量。【结果】通过江苏省邳州市的试验研究得出：（1）在野外经验支持下,从MODIS-EVI时间序列数据中构建的水稻种植相似性指数可以有效反映水稻在整个研究区的空间分布情况;（2）利用图像相似性选取训练样本,能有效地提高MODIS-EVI数据的水稻种植面积的测量精度,当图像相似性指数越小,即图像相似性越高,提取的水稻种植面积也越准确;（3）通过与随机样本测量结果对比分析,基于相似样本的测量方法有着更高的稳定性;（4）该方法在不同种植结构分区内有着相似的总量精度与像元精度变化规律,均能获得较高的测量精度。【结论】基于相似样本的水稻种植面积测量方法,有助于发挥MODIS长时间序列优势,提高水稻种植面积遥感测量精度和稳定性,可以作为替代随机选取样本的方法之一。