豇豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP和SSR分析

为从分子水平上揭示豇豆种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质资源搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础,利用SRAP和SSR分子标记对41 份来自中国和马来西亚的豇豆种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从65 对SRAP引物和10 对SSR引物中分别筛选获得稳定清晰且多态性强的31 对SRAP引物和5 对SSR引物,对41 份栽培豇豆资源的DNA进行SRAP-PCR和SSR-PCR扩增。2 种PCR扩增共获230 条扩增条带,其中SRAP检测到196 条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数为6.3 条,多态性 片段为161 条,多态性比例为82.14%;SSR检测到34 条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数6.8 条,多肽性片段为25 条,多态性比例为73.53%,表明本研究搜集的豇豆种质间的遗传多样性比较丰富。基于SRAP 和SSR 标记的结果,利用UPGMA 构建了41 份豇豆资源的聚类树状图,其遗传相似系数为0.1667~0.9516,大多在0.674 以上。结果表明,SRAP和SSR分子标记能有效地将41 份豇豆资源分开,且部分种质间的遗传距离较远,这为豇豆资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。     

低丘红壤花生南酸枣间作系统研究.II.氮素竞争

利用15N同位素示踪试验结果表明间作5龄和9龄南酸枣分别竞争利用了施用于毗邻花生9.66%和30.15%的氮肥,从而促进了间作南酸枣的生长。同时,南酸枣与花生间氮素竞争对毗邻南酸枣带的花生产量下降有一定影响。     

低丘红壤花生南酸枣间作系统研究V.水土保持

降雨分配不均,特别是暴雨是造成低丘红壤水土流失的重要原因;红壤开垦农用后,地表径流减少,土壤侵蚀增加;减少水土流失并不是复合农林间作的内在属性,而取决于复合农林系统的管理措施。与南酸枣单作系统相比,花生系统地表径流减少50%~60%,土壤侵蚀增加247%～352%。与花生单作系统相比,5龄南酸枣花生间作和9龄南酸枣花生间作系统地表径流量分别减少21%和6%,土壤侵蚀量分别减少11%和23%。但是,就单位花生种植面积而言,花生南酸枣间作与花生单作处理之间水土流失并没有显著性差异。     

中华优秀传统文化融入高校思想政治理论课路径研究

中华优秀传统文化中蕴含着丰富的教育资源,传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化是高校思想政治理论课题中应有之义。目前,中华优秀传统文化融入高校思想政治理论课,存在融入内容薄弱、融入方式单一、教师水平参差不齐等现实困境。针对这些困境,应从推动课程改革、创新教育模式、丰富教育媒介、提高师资队伍素养等方面入手,创新中华优秀传统文化融入高校思想政治理论课的路径。     

2000—2020年博尔塔拉蒙古自治州沙漠化风险评价

[目的] 对2000—2020年博尔塔拉蒙古自治州沙漠化风险的时空变化特征进行分析,为该区生态修复、因地制宜制定防沙治沙措施提供科学依据。[方法] 选取9个自然和社会经济指标构建沙漠化风险评价指标体系,在ENVI和ArcGIS软件的支持下,对2000—2020年博尔塔拉蒙古自治州沙漠化风险进行评价,并分析风险等级时空变化特征。[结果] ①2000—2020年博州沙漠化风险呈现较强的空间异质性。极高风险和高度风险区集中在博州东部精河县及东北部阿拉山口市;中度风险及低风险区域位于博州中部博乐市及温泉县,中度风险所占比例最大,高达40%以上。②2000—2020年沙漠化风险主要是以极高风险向高度风险转移,高度风险向中度风险转移,中度风险向低风险转移,整体呈现出逆向逐级转化的趋势。至2020年,极高风险面积共减少3 160.3 km²,低风险面积共增加2 424.76 km²。③2000—2020年,沙漠化极高风险和高度风险重心均向东迁移,极高风险重心迁移变化最为明显,逐渐向精河县东部迁移,中度风险和低风险重心变化范围不明显,分布于博乐市和温泉县。[结论] 2000—2020年,博尔塔拉蒙古自治州各区域沙漠化风险程度不同,在沙漠化的治理与防治过程中,应当因地适宜,合理有效地开展治沙防沙以及生态修复工程。     

全喂入式花生捡拾收获机捡拾输送装置研制

为了提高直立形花生捡拾收获质量和效率,解决花生捡拾输送装置制造工艺复杂、成本高、易卡堵、易缠绕跳齿、链耙扭曲等问题,该文设计了一种大型全喂入花生收获机捡拾输送装置,设计了其总体结构和传动系统。该装置可完成果秧的捡拾、推送归拢、交接输送以及部分去土等作业。对关键部件进行了结构设计和关键参数的分析确定;采用倒八字椽檐交接技术,设计了一种"凸"字形滑板滚筒式防卡滞捡拾器;采用静套动防缠绕技术,设计了链耙式输送装置。田间试验表明,平均捡拾率97.39%,捡拾落果率1.12%,可靠性达到98.91%,各作业性能指标满足设计要求。该研究可为直立形花生捡拾输送装置以及其他作物捡拾输送装备的研发提供技术参考。     

西苕溪流域主要经济林土壤磷素流失风险研究

经济林土壤磷素积累与潜在流失风险的研究对流域内磷素管理和面源污染控制十分必要.通过采样调查和室内分析研究了西苕溪流域主要经济林土壤测试磷的状况及磷素流失的潜在风险,调查采集了西苕溪流域安吉段主要经济林(毛竹、白茶、板栗)土壤样品105个,探讨了土壤理化性质对土壤磷素流失的影响以及土壤有效磷的控制阈值.结果表明,土壤水溶...     

Evaluation and improvement of MODIS gross primary productivity in typical forest ecosystems of East Asia based on eddy covariance measurements

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a major component of carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems and a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Because of the large spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of ecosystems, it is a challenge to estimate GPP accurately at global or regional scales. The 8-day MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP product provides a near real time estimate of global GPP. However, previous studies indicated that MODIS GPP has large uncertainties, partly caused by biases in parameterization and forcing data. In this study, MODIS GPP was validated using GPP derived from the eddy covariance flux measurements at five typical forest sites in East Asia. The validation indicated that MODIS GPP was seriously underestimated in these forest ecosystems of East Asia, especially at northern sites. With observed meteorological data, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the plant canopy (fPAR) calculated using smoothed MODIS leaf area index, and optimized maximum light use efficiency (ε _max) to force the MOD17 algorithm, the agreement between predicted GPP and tower-based GPP was significantly improved. The errors of MODIS GPP in these forest ecosystems of East Asia were mainly caused by uncertainties in ε _max, followed by those in fPAR and meteorological data. The separation of canopy into sunlit and shaded leaves, for which GPP is individually calculated, can improve GPP simulation significantly.     

Effect of green tea catechins on the postprandial glycemic response to starches differing in amylose content

The effect of tea polyphenols (TPLs), specifically tea catechins, on the postprandial glycemic response to cooked starches differing in amylose contents was investigated. The in vivo test using a mouse model showed a moderate reduction of the postprandial glycemic response to co-cooked normal (containing 27.8% amylose) or waxy corn starch with 10% TPLs (dry weight of starch), while an augmented glycemic response with a delayed blood glucose peak was observed when high amylose corn starch (HAC, containing 79.4% amylose) was used as the starch component. Enzyme kinetics results demonstrated that TPLs noncompetitively inhibit the digestion of waxy or normal corn starch, while the digestion rate of HAC starch was increased in the presence of TPLs, which supports the observed postprandial glycemic responses. Further studies using X-ray powder diffraction showed that the diffraction intensity (area under the diffraction curves) of normal and HAC starch was increased by 45% and 74%, respectively, whereas no change was observed for waxy corn starch. Consistently, dynamic laser light scattering studies using a solution of pure amylose showed an increased hydrodynamic radius of amylose molecules from ～54 nm to ～112 nm in the presence of TPLs. These experimental results indicate that there might exist an interaction between TPLs and amylose, which facilitates the association of amylose molecules to form a special nonordered structure that can produce a high and sustained postprandial glycemic response. Thus, a combination of tea polyphenols and specific starches could be used to manipulate postprandial glycemic response for glycemic control and optimal health.     

平水年和欠水年渭北旱地冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线构建

降雨波动大和过量施氮是限制渭北旱地冬小麦生产中氮肥高效利用和高产稳产的主要因子。该研究旨在构建2种降雨年型下冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线,分析氮营养指数诊断冬小麦氮素营养状况的可行性,为考虑降雨条件下旱地冬小麦精准施氮提供理论依据。于2017—2021年在陕西合阳县开展4 a定位施氮试验,以晋麦47为试验材料,设置0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm² 5个施氮水平,其中2017—2018年和2020—2021年为平水年,2018—2019和2019—2020年为欠水年。研究2种降雨年型下施氮量对冬小麦氮素利用、产量及产量构成因素的影响,基于2种降雨年型下地上部生物量与植株氮浓度之间的关系,构建临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型和氮营养指数(nitrogen nutrition index,NNI)优化施肥方案。结果表明:1)施氮量、降雨年型及其二者互作效应对穗数、千粒质量、产量影响显著或极显著。2)2种降雨年型下冬小麦临界植株氮浓度和地上部生物量均符合幂函数关系,但模型参数之间存在差异(模型参数a在平水年和欠水年分别为3.33、2.79 g/kg,参数b在平水年和欠水年...