Ototoxicity of the antiseptic combination chlorhexidine/cetrimide (Savlon): effects on equilibrium and hearing

Literature concerning the ototoxicity of the antiseptic combination chlorhexidine/cetrimide (Savlon) is reviewed. The ototoxic effects are illustrated by the results of our own experiments in guinea pigs. The impetus for this article was the observation of vestibular dysfunction in 15 clinical cases (12 dogs and 3 cats), in 8 of which it was confirmed that the ear canal had been rinsed with this drug combination in the presence of a ruptured tympanic membrane.     

Changes in hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity and related bioactive compounds during postharvest storage of yellow and purple plum cultivars

Eight plum cultivars (four dark-purple and four yellow) were harvested at the commercial ripening stage, and changes of fruit quality properties were evaluated during cold storage and subsequent shelf-life, with special emphasis on bioactive compounds (phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids) and antioxidant activity (TAA). From the eight plum cultivars, four showed the typical climacteric ripening pattern (‘Blackamber’, ‘Larry Ann’, ‘Golden Globe’ and ‘Songold’) while four behaved as suppressed-climacteric types (‘Golden Japan’ ‘Angeleno’, Black Diamond’ and ‘TC Sun’), the latter being described for the first time. At harvest, large variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity were found among cultivars in peel and pulp tissues, although phytochemical concentration and antioxidant activity were higher in the peel than in the flesh (2–40-fold depending on the bioactive compound). During storage, increases in total phenolics for all cultivars (peel and pulp), in total anthocyanin content in the peel of the dark-purple plums, and total carotenoids in the peel and pulp of the yellow cultivars were observed. This behaviour of the bioactive compounds was reflected in TAA changes, since hydrophilic-TAA (H-TAA) was correlated with both phenolics and anthocyanins, while lipophilic-TAA (L-TAA) was correlated with carotenoids. L-TAA comprised about 30–50% of the TAA in plum tissues. Carotenoids and phenolics (and among them the anthocyanins) could be the main lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds contributing to L-TAA and H-TAA, respectively. No significant loss of bioactive compounds and TAA occurred during prolonged plum storage. Moreover, for a better evaluation of the antioxidant potential of plums, the contribution to carotenoids should not be overlooked.     

甲氰菊酯在土壤中的降解及对蚯蚓的毒性效应研究

拟除虫菊酯作为全球第三大杀虫剂品种，在农业生产中广泛使用，同时也带来了一系列不利的环境影响。然而，目前有关拟除虫菊酯在土壤环境中的残留行为和风险评估报道较少。以典型拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂甲氰菊酯(FEN)为研究对象，重点探究其在不同性质土壤中的降解行为以及对典型土壤生物蚯蚓的毒性效应。结果表明，甲氰菊酯在碱性土壤中的降解速度快于酸性土壤，同时在非灭菌土壤中的降解速度为灭菌土壤的4倍。因此，土壤酸碱度和微生物是影响FEN在土壤中降解快慢的主要因素。此外，在降解过程中检测到甲氰菊酯主要代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)的生成。蚯蚓富集结果表明，FEN在蚯蚓体内的含量先升高后降低，最大生物富集因子为0.3。亚急性毒性结果表明，高剂量（5 mg?kg-1）甲氰菊酯暴露14 d后，蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量显著降低（P<0.05），细胞色素P450（CYP450）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著增加（P<0.05），同时存在剂量效应，证实土壤中残留的FEN对蚯蚓具有毒性效应。本文对甲氰菊酯在土壤环境中的降解行为研究以及生态毒性风险评估具有重要的指导意义。     

Evaluation of hematological,biochemical and oxidative stress profile in calves under propofol anesthesia

Veterinary Research Communications - Propofol is a widely used drug in veterinary medicine to induce anesthesia; as well as the chosen compound for protocols of intravenous anesthesia. The present...     

Molecular evidence of Leishmania spp. in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) from The Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve,Veracruz, Mexico

Veterinary Research Communications - The black-handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) is a platyrrhine primate distributed in southern Mexico, Central America, and part of South America. Two...     

Outcome of superficial keratectomy without conjunctival graft as a surgical technique for immune-mediated keratitis in horses: Four cases

This case report describes four horses with unilateral superficial or mid-stromal immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) treated with a superficial keratectomy (SK) without a conjunctival graft. In two horses, the surgery was performed under general anaesthesia, and in two horses standing with sedation and local blocks. Results of this report show that SK is a viable treatment option in horses with chronic superficial and/or mid-stromal IMMK that can even be performed in the standing, sedated horse. When sufficient corneal tissue is removed, no recurrence is to be expected in the long-term follow-up (up to 31 months). In two horses, healing occurred without complications. Two horses developed a secondary bacterial infection post-operatively (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). In one case, this resulted in a pre-perforating melting corneal ulcer necessitating conjunctival pedicle graft surgery 13 days post keratectomy. In three horses, there was no recurrence of the IMMK with a long-term follow-up of 6–31 months. One case showed recurrence of IMMK in the cornea region surrounding the keratectomy 9 months after surgery.     

The effect of being housed with adult female flock-mates on the age at puberty of autumn-born ewe-lambs

Veterinary Research Communications - Twenty-five ewe-lambs born in November were used to measure the effect of the presence of cyclic or non-cyclic adult ewes on the age at first fertile estrus....     

人工神经网络在木材缺陷检测中的应用

采用射线作为检测手段，对木材进行无损检测。在无损检测信号处理和特征构造的基础上。运用特征参数建立了缺陷识别的数学模型，针对无损检测信号的特征，构造了人工神经网络。选用反向传播神经网络模型（BP网络），网络识别所需要的特征参数能够反映木材缺陷的全部特征。     

我国农林机器人的研究现状及发展趋势

机器人作为高科技的产物在世界各国得到了迅猛的发展。农林业机器人是 2 1世纪我国林业和农业机械的发展方向。本文综述了我国林业和农业机器人的研究现状 ,介绍了几种典型的机器人。